助教制分组轮转式实验教学模式的改革与探索——以药物分析实验课为例

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.03012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

药物分析实验课是药学专业人才培养过程中的重要一环,它注重学生理论知识在实际中的应用能力和大型仪器的使用能力,进而启发学生的创新思维,培养学生的应用开发能力。针对目前国内外药物分析实验课存在的不足,如国内高校实验课程设置的内容差异较大,相对滞后,且受经济、人力等条件的制约,学生缺少操作使用大型分析仪器的训练,国外高校开课配置的专业仪器不够全面,实验课时少,供实验教学使用的大型仪器数量有限,天津大学医学部药物科学与技术学院在药物分析实验教学中探索了助教制分组轮转式实验教学模式,依托学院大型仪器共享平台,引入“助教”“轮转”等教学方式,形成了一套较为完善的教学模式。该模式通过延长时间轴的方式降低某一时间点对实验仪器数量的需求,缓解了大型仪器分配的压力,同时按照课程要求系统设计了一套完整的药物分析教学方案,实验内容范围广、深度大,考核方式新颖全面,贴近药学专业行业标准和仪器分析前沿,涵盖了药物分析中常见的分析方法和仪器;借助实验助教分组教学,帮助学生巩固理论知识,系统掌握药物质量控制的检测项目和药物研究流程,并为学生开发新的药物分析方法奠定基础。经过多年的不断尝试与探索,该模式日臻成熟完善,取得了良好的教学效果,期望为国内高校药物分析实验课程的开展提供借鉴。

关键词: 药物分析, 仪器分析, 轮转, 助教, 教学改革

Abstract:

Experimental courses in pharmaceutical analysis are an important part of the training process for pharmaceutical talent. These courses focus on applying theoretical knowledge in practice and using large instruments, with the aim of inspiring innovative thinking and cultivating student development. Currently, several issues impede the success of experimental pharmaceutical analysis courses both in China and abroad. In domestic colleges and universities, the content of these courses varies significantly and is relatively unsophisticated. Owing to economic and human resource limitations, students lack training in the operation and use of large analytical instruments. In foreign universities, the range of professional instruments is not comprehensive, experimental class hours are limited, and the availability of large instruments for experimental teaching is insufficient. The School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, explored the teaching assistant system with group rotation for the delivery of experimental pharmaceutical analysis courses. In combination with the large instrument sharing platform of the school, this approach resulted in a relatively comprehensive teaching model. This model reduced the demand for experimental instruments at a certain time by extending the time axis, thereby relieving the pressure on large instrument allocation. Furthermore, a complete pharmaceutical analysis teaching program was designed according to the curriculum requirements, covering common analytical methods and instruments used in pharmaceutical analysis. With guidance from experimental teaching assistants, students consolidated their theoretical knowledge, mastered key techniques for drug quality control and the drug research process, and laid a foundation for developing new drug analysis methods. Over years of continuous exploration, this model has matured to achieve good teaching outcomes. This work can provide a reference for the development of experimental pharmaceutical analysis courses in domestic universities.

Key words: pharmaceutical analysis, instrumental analysis, rotation, teaching assistant, teaching reform

中图分类号:

O658

赵冉, 张玲, 张鲲, 李优鑫. 助教制分组轮转式实验教学模式的改革与探索——以药物分析实验课为例[J]. 色谱, 2025, 43(2): 197-203.

ZHAO Ran, ZHANG Ling, ZHANG Kun, LI Youxin. Reform and exploration of the experimental teaching mode of teaching assistant and group rotation system: taking pharmaceutical analysis experiment course as an example[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2025, 43(2): 197-203.

图/表 6

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Exp. No.	Peking University^[2]	Jiangsu Normal University^[3]	Nanjing Agricultural University^[4]
1	introduction to experiments in drug analysis	use and maintenance of pH meter (optional)	basic knowledge for drug analysis experiments
2	glucose impurity check	determination of the absorption coefficients of drugs	preparation and calibration of perchloric acid standard solutions
3	drug impurity evaluation	effect of GC carrier gas flow rate and column temperature on separation (optional)	general impurity check for glucose
4	determination of amiodarone content	selection of HPLC conditions (optional)	calibration of iodine standard solutions and determination of vitamin content
5	extraction and titration of procaine hydrochloride injection	inspection of drug impurities	determination of fluorenone-related substances at high and low concentrations using thin layer chromatography
6	determination of atropine sulfate injection	determination of lidocaine hydrochloride content	inspection of drug impurities
7	determination of ethamsylate injection	identification of ibuprofen using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and infrared spectroscopy (optional)	determination of vitamin A content in vitamin AD capsules using three-point correction
8	determination of methyl isoxazole and trimethoprim in compound sulfamethoxazole tablets using dual-wavelength spectrophotometry	analysis of procaine hydrochloride injection	determination of florfenicol content using HPLC
9	determination of the content of compound acetylsalicylic acid tablets	determination of vitamin E capsules using GC	determination of ethanol content in tinctures
10		determination of salicylic acid content in aspirin capsules
11		determination of penicillin sodium content for drug injection
12		determination of vitamin B1 content in tablets using differential spectrophotometry
Total time	48 h	48 h	27 h

Exp. No.	Peking University^[2]	Jiangsu Normal University^[3]	Nanjing Agricultural University^[4]
1	introduction to experiments in drug analysis	use and maintenance of pH meter (optional)	basic knowledge for drug analysis experiments
2	glucose impurity check	determination of the absorption coefficients of drugs	preparation and calibration of perchloric acid standard solutions
3	drug impurity evaluation	effect of GC carrier gas flow rate and column temperature on separation (optional)	general impurity check for glucose
4	determination of amiodarone content	selection of HPLC conditions (optional)	calibration of iodine standard solutions and determination of vitamin content
5	extraction and titration of procaine hydrochloride injection	inspection of drug impurities	determination of fluorenone-related substances at high and low concentrations using thin layer chromatography
6	determination of atropine sulfate injection	determination of lidocaine hydrochloride content	inspection of drug impurities
7	determination of ethamsylate injection	identification of ibuprofen using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and infrared spectroscopy (optional)	determination of vitamin A content in vitamin AD capsules using three-point correction
8	determination of methyl isoxazole and trimethoprim in compound sulfamethoxazole tablets using dual-wavelength spectrophotometry	analysis of procaine hydrochloride injection	determination of florfenicol content using HPLC
9	determination of the content of compound acetylsalicylic acid tablets	determination of vitamin E capsules using GC	determination of ethanol content in tinctures
10		determination of salicylic acid content in aspirin capsules
11		determination of penicillin sodium content for drug injection
12		determination of vitamin B1 content in tablets using differential spectrophotometry
Total time	48 h	48 h	27 h

Exp. No.	Title	Purposes	Assay method
1	determination of the melting points of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives	understand the definition of melting point; master the melting point determination method and its application in the field of drug research	melting point method
2	spectrophotometric determination of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives	master the principle of polarimetric analysis for drug determination	polarimetry
3	identification of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives using colorimetry	master the method of drug identification using colorimetry	colorimetry
4	identification of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives using thin layer chromatography	master the method of drug identification using thin layer chromatography	thin layer chromatography
5	identification of aspirin, artemisinin, and their derivatives using infrared spectroscopy	master the principle and method of drug identification using infrared spectroscopy	infrared spectroscopy
6	identification of aspirin, artemisinin, and their derivatives using ultraviolet spectrophotometry	master the principle and method of drug identification using ultraviolet spectrophotometry	ultraviolet spectrophotometry

Exp. No.	Title	Purposes	Assay method
1	determination of the melting points of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives	understand the definition of melting point; master the melting point determination method and its application in the field of drug research	melting point method
2	spectrophotometric determination of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives	master the principle of polarimetric analysis for drug determination	polarimetry
3	identification of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives using colorimetry	master the method of drug identification using colorimetry	colorimetry
4	identification of aspirin, artemether, and their derivatives using thin layer chromatography	master the method of drug identification using thin layer chromatography	thin layer chromatography
5	identification of aspirin, artemisinin, and their derivatives using infrared spectroscopy	master the principle and method of drug identification using infrared spectroscopy	infrared spectroscopy
6	identification of aspirin, artemisinin, and their derivatives using ultraviolet spectrophotometry	master the principle and method of drug identification using ultraviolet spectrophotometry	ultraviolet spectrophotometry

Exp. No.	Title	Purposes	Assay methods
7	determination of impurities in aspirin and artemether	learn methods for impurity determination in drugs	colorimetry, precipitation method, loss-on-drying method
8	determination of aspirin, artemether, and related substances using HPLC	master the principle and method of drug impurity detection using HPLC; become familiar with the working principle and operation of HPLC; understand routine HPLC maintenance	aspirin: HPLC and one-point external standard method; artemether: HPLC and self-comparison method