色谱 ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 835-844.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.02035

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

环境样品中双酚类化合物的固相萃取研究进展

刘洪媛1,2, 金静1,*(), 郭崔崔1,3, 陈吉平1,*(), 胡春2   

  1. 1.中国科学院分离分析化学重点实验室, 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所, 辽宁 大连 116023
    2.沈阳药科大学, 辽宁 沈阳 110000
    3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100012
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-18 出版日期:2021-08-08 发布日期:2021-06-29
  • 通讯作者: 金静,陈吉平
  • 作者简介:E-mail: chenjp@dicp.ac.cn(陈吉平).
    *Tel:(0411)84379972,E-mail: jinjing@dicp.ac.cn(金静);
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1804705)

Advances in solid-phase extraction for bisphenols in environmental samples

LIU Hongyuan1,2, JIN Jing1,*(), GUO Cuicui1,3, CHEN Jiping1,*(), HU Chun2   

  1. 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
    2. Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000, China
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
  • Received:2021-03-18 Online:2021-08-08 Published:2021-06-29
  • Contact: JIN Jing,CHEN Jiping
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1804705)

摘要:

双酚类化合物作为一类内分泌干扰物广泛存在于环境介质中,经过多种途径迁移至人体后,可对人体产生内分泌毒性、细胞毒性、基因毒性、生殖毒性、二噁英毒性和神经毒性,已被加拿大政府风险评估识别为进一步优先控制名录。随着环境领域对双酚类化合物的广泛关注,相关研究工作逐渐向水、沉积物、灰尘和生物样品等多介质开拓。但是,由于不同环境样品在基质复杂性和污染物浓度水平等方面存在显著差异,开发提取效率高、净化选择性好、普适性强、操作简单、高通量的提取和净化方法,有助于实现环境介质中双酚类化合物的高灵敏、批量检测。近年来,新型前处理技术发展迅速,尤其是固相萃取技术,在双酚类化合物提取与净化方面取得了长足的发展,不仅在一定程度上克服了传统提取净化方法存在的耗时、耗力和耗溶剂等不足,而且为新型污染物分析提供了更多的技术支持。该文简述了典型双酚类化合物的理化性质、用途用量和环境危害,重点围绕新型固相萃取吸附剂开发和固相萃取模式转变两个方面,总结了固相萃取在双酚类化合物提取净化方法方面取得的进展。商品化固相萃取产品普适性强,在环境监测领域应用范围较广,适用于双酚类化合物的产品种类有限;新型吸附剂研发聚焦吸附容量(如介孔硅材料、碳纳米材料、金属-有机框架材料、环糊精)和选择性(如分子印迹聚合物和混合模式离子交换聚合物)两个方面,种类多样化可满足不同检测需求;越来越多的高灵敏分析仪器不断推向市场,为适应新的发展形势,固相萃取模式正逐渐向微型化、自动化、简易化等方向发展,如QuEChERS、固相微萃取、磁固相萃取等。

关键词: 双酚类化合物, 固相萃取, 分子印迹, 固相微萃取, 磁固相萃取

Abstract:

Owing to the strict restrictions on the production and use of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol analogs (e. g., bisphenol S and bisphenol F) are gradually coming to use in many fields. BPA and these bisphenol analogs are so-called bisphenols (BPs). BPs as a class of endocrine disrupters are widely distributed in the environment (water, sediments, sludge, and aquatic products). BPs enter the human body through various routes, leading to endocrine disruption, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, dioxin-like effects, and neurotoxicity. The Canadian government has identified BPs as substances for further scoping/problem formulation. Because of the widespread attention paid to BPs in the environmental field, research is being expanded to cover water, sediment, dust, and biological samples, and other media. Given the significant differences in the complexity and pollution concentration of environmental samples, the development of pretreatment methods that afford high extraction efficiency, good purification selectivity, strong universality, operational simplicity, and high-throughput extraction and purification, are necessary to realize the highly sensitive detection of BPs in environmental media. In recent years, solid-phase extraction (SPE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and dispersion liquid-liquid-microextraction (DLLME) as new pretreatment technologies have gradually replaced the traditional liquid-liquid extraction and Soxhlet extraction. SPE has seen rapid development for the extraction and purification of BPs in various environmental samples, overcoming the bottlenecks related to time, energy, and solvent consumption in traditional methods while extending technical support for the analysis of emerging pollutants. The physicochemical properties, usage, and environmental hazards of typical BPs were briefly reviewed, with emphasis on the application of SPE products, development of new adsorbents, and transformation of the SPE mode. Commercialized SPE products are universally applicable in the field of environmental monitoring, while products suitable for the pretreatment of BPs are limited. The development of new adsorbents mainly focused on their adsorption capacity and selectivity. For example, ordered mesoporous silicon, carbon nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, and cyclodextrins have large surface areas, good adsorption performance, and regular pore structures, which improve the adsorption capacity of BPs. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and mixed-mode ion-exchange polymers are mainly used to improve the selectivity of BPs in the purification process. In addition, MIPs have high chemical, mechanical, and thermal stabilities, which ensures their widespread application in the extraction, preconcentration, and separation of BPs. A variety of new SPE adsorbents can partially meet the diverse needs for detection. There is a consensus that the current challenges in analytical chemistry include the determination of contaminants at low concentration levels, but at the same time, more efficient and environment-friendly methodologies are required. With the introduction of high-sensitivity instruments in the market, the SPE model is seeing gradual development in terms of miniaturization, automation, and simplification. This in turn has minimized solvent consumption, analysis time, and labor cost, resulting in more efficient and affordable analytical methods such as QuEChERS, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) to adapt to the new development scenario.

Key words: bisphenol compounds, solid phase extraction (SPE), molecular imprinting, solid phase microextraction (SPME), magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE)

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