色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 744-755.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

丙烯海松酸键合硅胶固定相的制备及其在混合模式色谱分离中的应用

曾磊1, 韦梦玲1, 韦伟1, 李浩1, 史伯安1,2, 雷福厚1,*()   

  1. 1.广西民族大学化学化工学院,林产化学与工程国家民委重点实验室,广西林产化学与工程重点实验室,广西林产化学与工程协同创新中心,广西 南宁 530006
    2.湖北民族大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北 恩施 445000
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-14 出版日期:2025-07-08 发布日期:2025-07-04
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(0771)3267071,E-mail: leifuhou@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32460367);广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFAA010378);广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBZ2024079)

Construction of acrylpimaric acid-bonded silica stationary phase and its application in mixed-mode chromatographic separation

ZENG Lei1, WEI Mengling1, WEI Wei1, LI Hao1, SHI Bo’an1,2, LEI Fuhou1,*()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products of State Ethnic Affairs Commission,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530006,China
    2. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,China
  • Received:2024-10-14 Online:2025-07-08 Published:2025-07-04
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460367);Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China(2024GXNSFAA010378);Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2024079)

摘要:

本文以松香树脂酸衍生物丙烯海松酸为功能单体,通过开环反应将其键合到由γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷修饰的烷基硅胶上,制备得到丙烯海松酸键合硅胶色谱固定相(Sil-APA)。傅里叶红外光谱、元素分析、Zeta电势分析和热失重分析等表征方法证明Sil-APA成功合成。由于Sil-APA固定相表面存在氢化菲环、羟基、羰基和羧基等功能基团,因此在分离过程中分析物与固定相之间会存在多种相互作用从而提升其分离性能。以疏水性、亲水性和有机碱性化合物为探针,通过研究流动相中有机相含量、pH和盐浓度对其保留性能的影响,证明Sil-APA固定相与分析物之间除疏水相互作用外,还具有亲水相互作用和弱阳离子交换作用,多重保留机制表明Sil-APA柱适用于混合模式液相色谱。Sil-APA柱对不同组分分析物具有良好的分离选择性进一步表明Sil-APA具有混合模式色谱性能,也证明其在复杂样品分析中具有良好的应用前景。此外,Sil-APA柱还具有良好的重复性(RSD为0.076%~0.356%,n=10)、稳定性(RSD为0.05%~0.193%,n=5)和重复制备性(RSD为0.498%~2.806%,n=4)。综上所述,本研究制备了一种基于丙烯海松酸改性硅胶色谱固定相,其在混合模式下展出的优异分离性能揭示了丙烯海松酸作为色谱固定相功能单体的可能性。该工作拓展了松香树脂酸在色谱分离领域的发展,也为在液相色谱领域开发基于天然产物改性硅胶的色谱固定相提供新的思路。

关键词: 丙烯海松酸, 键合固定相, 混合模式色谱

Abstract:

The development of novel functional materials from renewable biomass resources has garnered widespread attention. This strategy not only effectively reduces the reliance on petrochemical raw materials in the preparation process, thereby reducing carbon emissions and mitigating environmental pollution, but also enhances their added value, promoting the development of related agriculture and forestry industries. In this study, we prepared acrylpimaric acid bonded on silica (Sil-APA) as a new stationary phase by linking the functional ligand to silica using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as the silane coupling agent. The synthesized stationary phase was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA), zeta potential analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Acrylpimaric acid was successfully immobilized onto the surface of spherical silica via a ring-opening reaction involving the epoxy and carboxyl groups. Analytes and the stationary phase experience multiple interactions during the separation process owing to the coexistence of functional groups such as hydrogenated phenanthrene rings, as well as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups on the surface of the Sil-APA stationary phase. Synergy involving multiple interaction mechanisms improves the separability and applicability of the Sil-APA stationary phase. We used hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and ionic compounds to probe the effects of organic-phase content, pH, and buffer-salt concentration in the mobile phase on the chromatographic performance of the Sil-APA column. The logarithm of the retention factor (log k) for alkylbenzenes in the stationary phase was found to decrease with increasing methanol content in the mobile phase during reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC); hence, the Sil-APA stationary phase exhibited typical reverse-phase retention behavior. The Sil-APA column exhibited stronger aromatic selectivity and weaker hydrophobic selectivity compared to a C18 column, which enables polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to be more-strongly retained than alkylbenzenes while also separating these hydrophobic compounds in less time. The ln k for nucleosides/bases on the stationary phase decreased with increasing water content in the mobile phase in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode, confirming that the Sil-APA column has typical hydrophilic retention characteristics for the separation of nucleosides/bases. Furthermore, the relationship between the pH and buffer-salt concentration of the mobile phase and ln k for nucleosides/bases reveals that hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between the stationary phase and the analytes play important roles in addition to hydrophilic interactions. The ln k for ionic compounds was observed to decrease with increasing buffer-salt concentration in the mobile phase in ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) mode, while concurrently increasing with the pH of the mobile phase. These results demonstrate that the Sil-APA column exhibits classical cation-exchange behavior for the separation of cationic compounds. These multiple retention mechanisms render the Sil-APA column suitable for mixed-mode liquid chromatography (MMC). The Sil-APA column exhibits good separation selectivity for different analyte components, further demonstrating its mixed-mode chromatographic performance and potential for complex sample analysis. Furthermore, Sil-APA demonstrated excellent chromatographic repeatability, stability, and reproducibility, as evidenced by low retention-time relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.076%–0.356% (n=10), 0.05%–0.193% (n=5), and 0.498%–2.806% (n=4) for inter-day, inter-day, and batch-to-batch precisions, respectively. In summary, we designed and prepared an acrylic-acid-modified silica stationary phase material for use in liquid-chromatography applications. The excellent separation performance observed under mixed-mode conditions demonstrates that acrylpimaric acid can possibly be used a functional stationary-phase monomer, thereby potentially broadening the applications scope of resin acids in separation science. The facile preparation of Sil-APA and its promising applications scope may also provide new concepts for the development of stationary-phase materials based on natural-product-modified silica in the liquid-chromatography field.

Key words: acrylpimaric acid, bonded stationary phase, mixed-mode chromatography

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