色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 101-113.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.12006

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

铜介导的磁性表面分子印迹聚合物用于棉仁中棉酚的高效特异性分离

杨书凌, 曹玉, 何坤霖, 封顺, 张纯姑*(), 单连海*()   

  1. 西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,四川 成都 610031
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-19 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2026-01-14
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail:mas3330@swjtu.edu.cn(单连海);E-mail:zcg@swjtu.edu.cn(张纯姑).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22174117);中央高校基础研究基金(2682024ZTPY014)

Efficient separation of gossypol from cotton kernels with copper mediated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer

YANG Shuling, CAO Yu, HE Kunlin, FENG Shun, ZHANG Chungu*(), SHAN Lianhai*()   

  1. School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China
  • Received:2025-01-19 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2026-01-14
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174117);Central University Basic Research Fund of China(2682024ZTPY014)

摘要:

棉花是中国重要的经济作物,其棉籽是重要的油料和蛋白质资源。但棉籽中含有的天然活性产物棉酚(gossypol,GOS)对哺乳动物具有生育毒性和生长抑制作用,这严重限制了棉籽资源的综合利用。本研究创新性地设计了一种基于金属配位机制的磁性表面分子印迹聚合物(GOS/MIP),通过自由基聚合法将铜离子介导的印迹位点精准锚定于功能化磁核的表面,实现棉酚的高效特异性分离与资源化增值的协同目标。表征结果证实,GOS/MIP是粒径为400~500 nm的核壳结构球形颗粒,具有优异的磁响应性(47.78 emu/g),可在7 s内实现快速磁分离。其具有优异的与GOS结合的能力,120 min内的最大吸附容量为74.01 mg/g,印迹因子(IF)达6.48,此外,GOS/MIP在复杂基质中对GOS表现出高选择性和高特异性,且具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性。以GOS/MIP为分散固相萃取吸附剂与高效液相色谱结合,所建立的方法在5~200 μg/mL的GOS质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2>0.999),检出限为0.024 μg/mL,加标回收率为95.1%~98.7%,相对标准偏差≤2.4%。进一步模拟工业化的GOS分离场景,仅消耗50 mL溶剂和50 mg GOS/MIP即可从10 g棉仁样品中分离得到3 mg GOS,回收率达77.0%~83.3%。这项工作有效克服了传统GOS分离过程中选择性差、环境负担大的瓶颈,为天然产物的高值化利用提供了绿色、高效的新策略,兼具基础研究创新性与产业化应用潜力。

关键词: 棉酚, 铜介导, 分子印迹聚合物, 磁分离, 棉仁

Abstract:

Cotton is an economically important crop in China. Cotton fibers are widely used in the textile industry and cottonseed is a key source of edible oils and proteins. Cottonseed contains gossypol (GOS), a natural bioactive compound that exhibits medicinal properties, including antitumor and antiviral activities; it is also a potential contraceptive agent. Despite these benefits, GOS has some critical drawbacks, as it is associated with side effects such as antifertility and mammalian growth inhibition that limit the comprehensive utilization of cottonseed resources. Consequently, GOS needs to be efficiently and specifically separated for safe resource utilization. Conventional molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have limitations as they often bind to targets in a manner that is too rigid or fragile, which leads to significantly lower specificities and mass-transfer rates. Accordingly, a novel copper-ion-mediated magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer (GOS/MIP) was designed and prepared to solve these problems. GOS/MIP integrates three key strategies: metal coordination, surface imprinting, and magnetic separation. Copper(Ⅱ) ions were introduced as functional “bridges” between the functional monomer and template, which resulted in softer and more flexible interactions and more homogeneous imprinted cavities. The imprinting sites were anchored to the surfaces of the functionalized magnetic cores, which accelerated the adsorption and desorption processes and simplified the preparation and separation steps. Free-radical polymerization enabled precise synthesis. GOS/MIP was thoroughly characterized, with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used to observe its morphology, and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) used to measure magnetic properties. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the elemental composition, with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy used to examine chemical bonding. The results confirmed the existence of a core-shell structure and that the imprinted layer had been successfully prepared. GOS/MIP was found to be composed of spherical particles 400–500 nm in diameter. The material also exhibited an excellent magnetic response, with a saturation magnetization of 47.78 emu/g, which enabled magnetic separation within only 7 s, thereby ensuring rapid recovery under practical conditions. Performance studies revealed that GOS/MIP exhibits an excellent binding ability for GOS, with equilibrium achieved in 120 min. The apparent maximum adsorption capacity and imprinting factor (IF) were determined to be 74.01 mg/g and 6.48, respectively. Selective and competitive binding experiments showed that GOS/MIP is highly specific for GOS in complex matrices, and pH binding experiments revealed that optimal binding occurs at pH 2–6, which covers most industrial processing conditions and highlights the large-scale industrial applications potential of the material. GOS/MIP retained its good adsorption capacity even after seven adsorption-desorption cycles, thereby demonstrating excellent stability and reproducibility. GOS/MIP was used as a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) adsorbent in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The developed method exhibited linearity in the 5–200 μg/mL range, with a high correlation coefficient (R²>0.999) and limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) of 0.024 and 0.079 µg/mL, respectively. Average recovery rates at three spiked concentrations (0.08, 0.24, and 0.80 μg/mL) ranged between 95.1% and 98.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 2.4%. Only 50 mL of solvent and 50 mg of GOS/MIP were required in a simulated industrial GOS-separation process, which separated 3 mg of GOS from 10 g of cottonseed. GOS-recovery rates of 77.0%–83.3% were observed. The GOS/MIP-based separation method combines specificity, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, thereby addressing the key challenges faced by traditional GOS-separation methods. In addition, it overcomes the toxicity limitations associated with the comprehensive utilization of cottonseed. Hence, cottonseed can be safely processed and cottonseed byproducts can be used in animal feed. This study provides a potent tool for the green, fast, and specific separation of high-purity products from plants; the basic research presented herein is both innovative and is potentially industrially applicable.

Key words: gossypol (GOS), copper mediated, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), magnetic separation, cotton kernels

中图分类号: