色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 53-77.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.05019

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

分子印迹技术在催化领域应用研究进展

叶为民1,2, 何东城1, 崔新江1, 马好文3, 钱波1,*(), 石峰1,*()   

  1. 1.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所,低碳催化与二氧化碳利用全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.中国石油石油化工研究院,兰州化工研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2026-01-14
  • 通讯作者: * Tel:0931-4968019,E-mail:boqian@licp.cas.cn(钱波);Tel:0931-4968142,E-mail:fshi@licp.cas.cn(石峰).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20393);国家自然科学基金项目(22372180);中国科学院项目(KJZLZD-2);甘肃省重大项目(21ZD4WA021);甘肃省重大项目(22ZD6GA003);甘肃省重大项目(23ZDFA016);兰州市科技计划项目(2023-1-15)

Research progress in the application of molecular imprinting technology in catalysis

YE Weimin1,2, HE Dongcheng1, CUI Xinjiang1, MA Haowen3, QIAN Bo1,*(), SHI Feng1,*()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center,Petrochemical Research Institute,PetroChina Company Limited,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-05-26 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2026-01-14
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20393);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22372180);Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZLZD-2);Major Project of Gansu Province, China(21ZD4WA021);Major Project of Gansu Province, China(22ZD6GA003);Major Project of Gansu Province, China(23ZDFA016);Science and Technology Planning Project of Lanzhou City(2023-1-15)

摘要:

在催化反应中,催化剂活性和选择性的提高不仅能够增加目标产物的产率,还可在减少反应过程复杂程度的同时节约反应能耗、降低副产物的生成。分子印迹技术(MIT)作为一种优异的催化剂制备技术,可用于制备具有高活性、高选择性和热稳定性的分子印迹催化剂(MIC),能够有效解决上述问题。分子印迹催化剂结合生物酶催化的原理,在分子印迹催化剂中构筑具有特定催化活性位点及空间构型的分子印迹空穴,赋予其优异的分子识别能力,充分利用可逆共价相互作用、静电引力、氢键等相互作用筛分反应底物、反应中间体以及反应产物的结构和官能团,以实现特定的反应过程并高选择性地得到目标产物。本文主要综述了分子印迹技术在热催化领域中的相关研究,阐述了分子印迹技术的基本原理、相关理论及其发展历程,介绍了本体聚合、液相悬浮聚合、沉淀聚合和表面分子印迹等典型的分子印迹催化剂合成方法、分子印迹催化剂的结构表征技术(傅里叶变换红外光谱、有机元素组成分析、高分辨质谱仪等),随后重点展示了分子印迹催化剂(包括贵金属、非贵金属、无金属催化剂等)在水解反应、氧化反应、还原反应、偶联反应、聚合物反应器等催化反应中的研究进展,还简要陈述了分子印迹技术在光/电催化、人工酶催化以及传感器、吸附分离等其他领域的应用,最后总结了分子印迹技术在催化领域应用中存在的若干问题并展望了其未来发展趋势。

关键词: 分子印迹技术, 分子印迹催化剂, 催化反应, 研究进展

Abstract:

The synergistic enhancement of catalytic activity and selectivity constitutes a critical challenge in modern heterogeneous catalysis, which directly influences target product yield, reaction energy efficiency, and process economics. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) has demonstrated exceptional potential in overcoming this limitation by enabling the rational design of molecularly imprinted catalysts (MICs) with high activity, superior selectivity, and favorable thermal stability. These advanced catalysts combine biomimetic recognition with heterogeneous catalysis, wherein precisely engineered imprinted cavities integrate two key structural features, including catalytically active sites with tailored electronic properties and molecular imprinting cavities with specific structure. These imprinted cavities endow MIC exhibit exceptional molecular recognition capabilities, enabling selective binding to substrates, intermediates, and products via reversible covalent bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and other noncovalent forces. This precise recognition facilitates the mediation of specific reaction pathways, ensuring high-selectivity synthesis of target compounds. The preparation of MIC typically involves three sequential steps: template molecule assembly, template configuration fixation, and template molecule elution. In the template assembly stage, reversible interactions are commonly employed to drive the self-assembly of template molecules (target-structured molecules) with functional monomers, forming stable imprinted complexes. For template configuration fixation, cross-linking polymerization or surface engineering techniques are predominantly utilized to immobilize the assembled structure, ensuring the preservation of cavity geometry after template removal. Subsequent elution of the template molecules generates imprinted cavities on the MIC surface. By optimizing template assembly methodologies and fixation strategies based on application-specific requirements, both the cavity structure and catalytic binding modes can be precisely modulated, thereby enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity for tailored catalyst design. Additionally, the introduction of precious metals (e.g., Rh, Ru, Au, Ag) and non-precious metals (e.g., Fe) as catalytic active sites further augments MIC performance. Despite the promising application potential of MICs in chemical synthesis, their preparation and characterization remain challenged by several key limitations, like the sub-nanostructured imprinted cavities hindering detailed structural elucidation of binding sites, template molecules encapsulation within the polymer matrix during cross-linking resulting in incomplete elution, quantitative analysis of metal species in polymer-based MICs lacking standardized methodologies. To address these challenges and guide design of high-performance MICs, researchers have integrated advanced characterization techniques to comprehensively evaluate MIC structure, including morphology, elemental composition, active site distribution, chemical bonding information, and metal coordination environments. Currently, MICs exhibit tremendous application potential in the synthesis of various fine chemical products, but related review articles focusing on MIC are relatively scarce. This review focuses on the applications of MIT in thermal catalysis, systematically discussing its fundamental principles, theoretical foundations, and historical development. Next, various typical synthetic strategies for MICs, including bulk, suspension, precipitation, and surface imprinting polymerization are summarized. Then series of key characterization methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are described to analyze the structure of MICs. Moreover, different types of MICs (noble metal, non-noble metal, and metal free MICs) are used in catalytic reactions, including hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, coupling, and polymerization. In addition, the photo-/electrocatalysis, artificial enzyme design, sensing, and adsorption/separation are also discussed as emerging applications of MIT. Finally, the research challenges and future directions are proposed in this field.

Key words: molecular imprinting technology, molecularly imprinted catalyst, catalytic reaction, research progress

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