碳点在抗生素分析检测中的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.04022

色谱 ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 816-826.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.04022

碳点在抗生素分析检测中的应用

柴佩君¹, 宋志花¹^,^*(), 刘万卉¹, 薛俊萍¹, 王硕³, 刘金秋¹, 李金花²^,^*()

1.烟台大学药学院, 新型制剂与生物技术药物研究山东省高校协同创新中心, 分子药理和药物评价教育部重点实验室, 山东烟台 264005
2.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室, 山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室, 山东烟台 264003
3.中国(烟台)知识产权保护中心, 山东烟台 264003

收稿日期:2021-05-09 出版日期:2021-08-08 发布日期:2021-06-29
通讯作者: 宋志花,李金花
作者简介:Tel:(0535)2109133,E-mail: jhli@yic.ac.cn(李金花).
*Tel:(0535)2109133,E-mail: zhihuasong08@yeah.net(宋志花);
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21876199);烟台市科技创新发展计划(2020MSGY112);药学国家级实验教学示范中心(烟台大学)

Application of carbon dots in analysis and detection of antibiotics

CHAI Peijun¹, SONG Zhihua¹^,^*(), LIU Wanhui¹, XUE Junping¹, WANG Shuo³, LIU Jinqiu¹, LI Jinhua²^,^*()

1. School of Pharmacy of Yantai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai 264005, China
2. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), CAS, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai 264003, China
3. China (Yantai) Intellectual Property Protection Center, Yantai 264003, China

Received:2021-05-09 Online:2021-08-08 Published:2021-06-29
Contact: SONG Zhihua,LI Jinhua
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(21876199);Science and Technology Innovation Development Plan of Yantai(2020MSGY112);National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Yantai University)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抗生素的过度使用对环境造成了极大破坏,对其进行监测控制刻不容缓。常用的分析检测技术,如高效液相色谱(HPLC)、气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)等具有高效快速、重现性好、可自动化操作等优点。但对环境样品中抗生素的检测存在样品前处理过程繁琐、检测灵敏度低、实验成本高等问题。结合现有的检测技术发展新型材料,对提高抗生素的检测灵敏度具有重要意义。碳点(CDs)是一种尺寸介于0~10 nm之间的新型纳米材料,具有小尺寸效应、优异的电学和光学性质、良好的生物相容性等优点,已被广泛应用于环境样品中抗生素的检测。该综述对近5年CDs与传感器、色谱分析技术结合检测抗生素的应用进行了总结,并对其发展前景进行了展望。该文总结了CDs与分子印迹传感器、适配体传感器、电化学发光传感器、荧光传感器及电化学传感器相结合,及其在抗生素检测中的应用;对涉及的比率型传感器、阵列传感器等先进分析方法进行了举例评述;对CDs作为色谱固定相分离抗生素进行了阐述。文献表明,CDs结合传感器检测抗生素可有效提高检测灵敏度,但对复杂环境样品中抗生素的检测还面临着构建高选择性传感器、开发新型材料及数据处理等方面的挑战;目前,CDs作为色谱固定相对抗生素的材料分离,仍处于初步研究阶段,分离机理尚不明确,有待进一步深入研究。总之,CDs在环境样品中抗生素的检测方面仍面临一系列问题,随着人们对CDs的深入研究以及各种分析检测技术的不断发展,CDs将会在抗生素等环境污染物的检测中发挥重要作用。

关键词: 色谱分析, 传感分析, 碳点, 抗生素, 综述

Abstract:

Antibiotics have been overused in recent years because of their remarkable curative effect, but this has led to considerable environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of approaches aimed at the effective detection and control of the antibiotics is vital for protecting the environment and human health. Many conventional strategies (such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)) are currently in use for the detection of antibiotics. These strategies have aroused a great deal of interest because of their outstanding features of high efficiency and speed, good reproducibility, automation, etc. However, various problems such as tedious sample pretreatment, low detection sensitivity, and high cost must be overcome for the effective detection of antibiotics in environmental samples. Consequently, it is of great significance to improve the detection sensitivity of antibiotics. The development of new materials combined with the existing detection technology has great potential to improve the detection results for antibiotics. Carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of nanomaterials with particle sizes in the range of 0-10 nm. In addition, CDs have desirable properties such as small particle effect, excellent electrical properties, unique optical properties, and good biocompatibility. Hence, they have been widely utilized for the detection of antibiotics in environmental samples. In this review, the application of CDs combined with sensors and chromatographic technology for the detection of antibiotics in the last five years are summarized. The development prospects of CD-based materials and their application to the analysis and detection of antibiotics are presented. In this review, many new sensors (CDs combined with molecularly imprinted polymer sensors, aptamer sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors, fluorescence sensors, and electrochemical sensors) combined with CD-based materials and their use in the detection of antibiotics are summarized. Furthermore, advanced analysis methods such as ratiometric sensor and array sensor methods are reviewed. The novel analysis methods provide a new direction toward the detection of antibiotics by CDs combined with a sensor. Moreover, CD-based chromatographic stationary phases for the separation of antibiotics are also summarized in this manuscript. It is reported that the detection sensitivity for antibiotics can be greatly improved by the combination of CDs and a sensor. Nevertheless, a literature survey reveals that the detection of antibiotics in complex environmental samples is confronted with numerous challenges, including the fabrication of highly sensitive sensors in combination with CDs. Furthermore, the development of novel high-performance materials is of imperative. In addition, it is important to develop new methods for effective data processing. The separation of antibiotics with CDs as the chromatographic stationary phases is in the preliminary stage, and the separation mechanism remains to be clarified. In conclusion, there are still many problems to be overcome when using CDs as novel materials for the detection of antibiotics in environmental samples. Nowadays, CD-based materials are being intensively studied, and various analytical detection technologies are being rapidly developed. In the future, CD-based materials are expected to play an important role in the detection of antibiotics and other environmental pollutants.

Key words: chromatography analysis, sensor analysis, carbon dots (CDs), antibiotics, review

中图分类号:

O658

柴佩君, 宋志花, 刘万卉, 薛俊萍, 王硕, 刘金秋, 李金花. 碳点在抗生素分析检测中的应用[J]. 色谱, 2021, 39(8): 816-826.

CHAI Peijun, SONG Zhihua, LIU Wanhui, XUE Junping, WANG Shuo, LIU Jinqiu, LI Jinhua. Application of carbon dots in analysis and detection of antibiotics[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2021, 39(8): 816-826.

图/表 4

图1 (a)碳点的制备和(b)比率传感器的制备及青霉素传感机理示意图[33]

Fig. 1 (a) Synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and (b) schematic of the preparation of ratiometric sensor and the sensing mechanism of penicillin[33] TEOS: tetraethoxysilane; APTES: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; CTAB: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; PNG: penicillin.

图2 7种抗生素的两步检测流程图[66]

Fig. 2 Flow chart of two-step detection for seven kinds of antibiotics[66] MTR: metronidazole; DOX: doxycycline; TCY: tetracycline; CTE: chlortetracycline; OXY: oxytetracycline; CHL: chloramphenicol; SDI: sulfadiazine.

图3 抗生素识别原理及结果分析图[76]

Fig. 3 Antibiotic identification principle and result analysis charts[76] a. schematic illustration of antibiotic recognition; b. fluorescence response of these four CDs against eight antibiotics; c. LDA plot with 95% confidence interval. TC: tetracycline; OTC: oxytetracycline; CTC: aureomycin; SPM: spiramycin; ERY: erythromycin; SM: streptomycin; CHL: chloramphenicol; NEO: neomycin.

图4 “交通灯”免疫层析法检测抗生素的原理图[96]

Fig. 4 Schematic diagrams of antibiotic detection by traffic light immunochromatography test[96] a. test strip before the assay; b. assay results for the sample containing STR; c. assay results for the sample containing CAP and OFL. 1. test zone for streptomycin (STR); 2. test zone for chloramphenicol (CAP); 3. test zone for ofloxacin (OFL); 4. STR conjugate antibody; 5. CAP conjugate antibody; 6. OFL conjugate antibody; 7. control line.

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碳点在抗生素分析检测中的应用

Application of carbon dots in analysis and detection of antibiotics

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