色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 1109-1118.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.11016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定污水中38种吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素及15种代谢产物

杨哲, 蒋力维, 吴一荻, 贾睿, 吕建霞()   

  1. 国家毒品实验室北京分中心,北京 100164
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18 出版日期:2025-10-08 发布日期:2025-09-24
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail:ljx19801128@sina.com.
  • 基金资助:
    北京市科技计划项目(Z221100005222006)

Simultaneous determination of 38 indazole amides synthetic cannabinoids and 15 metabolites in wastewater by solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

YANG Zhe, JIANG Liwei, WU Yidi, JIA Rui, LYU Jianxia()   

  1. National Anti-Drug Laboratory Beijing Regional Center,Beijing 100164,China
  • Received:2024-11-18 Online:2025-10-08 Published:2025-09-24
  • Supported by:
    Beijing Science and Technology Project(Z221100005222006)

摘要:

合成大麻素被吸食后会以原体和代谢产物的形式随尿液和粪便排出,最终进入城市排污系统。为了对合成大麻素的滥用情况进行评估,本研究建立了固相萃取-液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时对污水中38种吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素及15种代谢产物进行定性定量分析的方法。样品采用OasisMCX固相萃取柱进行前处理,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇-乙腈(1∶1,v/v)混合溶液为流动相,采用岛津Shim-pack GIST-HP C18 AQ色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9 µm)进行分离,柱温40 ℃,流速0.4 mL/min,进样量10 µL。结果表明,采用该方法,38种合成大麻素及15种代谢产物可在11 min内被全部检测分析,在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.990 5,检出限为0.03~1.30 ng/L,定量限为0.11~4.30 ng/L,满足实际样品分析需求。采用10、50、200 ng/L 3个水平的38种合成大麻素及15种代谢产物混合标准溶液进行精密度试验,精密度(n=6)为2.1%~15.5%。以不含目标物的污水样品为基质样品,在10、50、200 ng/L 3个加标水平下进行加标回收试验,各待测物的加标回收率为61.2%~129.3%。本方法具有准确、快速、灵敏、分离效果好等优点,可以对生活污水中38种合成大麻素及15种代谢产物进行定性定量检测分析,从而为相关监测评估工作提供参考依据。

关键词: 固相萃取, 液相色谱-串联质谱, 合成大麻素, 代谢产物, 污水

Abstract:

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), which are significantly more potent and efficacious than natural cannabis, are among the most widely abused new psychoactive substances. The emergence of the so-called first-generation SCs was followed by other SCs that eventually led to the development of eighth-generation indole/indazole amide-based SCs. Indeed, this entire category of SCs was added to the list of controlled substances on July 1, 2021. SCs can be disguised in various ways and are commonly sold in the form of electronic cigarette oil. SCs quickly enter the bloodstream through the lungs when smoked and are eventually excreted in the forms of precursors and metabolites in urine and feces following oxidation and metabolism, and finally enter the urban sewage system. SCs abuse can be studied and evaluated by analyzing SCs and their metabolites in municipal wastewater, thereby providing a practical reference. Therefore, methods for detecting SCs and their metabolites in wastewater need to be developed.In this study, a solid phase extraction (SPE)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 38 indazole amide SCs and 15 metabolites in wastewater. Samples were treated using OasisMCX SPE, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used with mobile phases comprising (A) 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and (B) methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1, v/v). The following gradient-elution conditions were used: 0-8 min, 55%A-15%A; 8-15 min, 15%A; 15-16 min, 15%A-55%A; 16-18 min, 55%A. Target analytes were separated using a SHIMADZU Shim-pack GIST-HP C18 AQ column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 µm) at a column temperature of 40 ℃ and a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The injection volume was 10 µL. The 38 SCs and 15 metabolites were identified within 11 min using MRM mode; these analytes exhibited good linear relationships and correlation coefficients (r) exceeding 0.990 5. The limits of detection were 0.03-1.30 ng/L, and the limits of quantification were 0.11-4.30 ng/L, respectively, which meet the requirements for analyzing SCs and their metabolites in actual samples. Precisions (n=6) were determined to be 2.1%–15.5% by spiking wastewater samples with 10, 50, and 200 ng/L of the 38 SCs and 15 metabolites. Recoveries of the 38 SCs and 15 metabolites were 61.2%-129.3% by spiking wastewater samples at low (10 ng/L), medium (50 ng/L), and high (200 ng/L) levels. Good performance was observed when real samples were analyzed. The developed method is accurate, rapid, sensitive, and effective for the determination of the 38 SCs and 15 metabolites in wastewater, thereby satisfying monitoring and evaluation requirements.

Key words: solid phase extraction (SPE), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), metabolites, wastewater

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