色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1374-1379.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.09003

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定电子烟油中咖啡因和牛磺酸

孙晓1,2,3, 常启智1,2,4, 王畅1,2, 邵文豪1,2,4, 冯峰1,2,*()   

  1. 1.中国质量检验检测科学研究院食品安全研究所,北京 100176
    2.国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室 (食品质量与安全),北京 100176
    3.西安市食品药品检验所,陕西 西安 710119
    4.中国医科大学药学院,辽宁 沈阳 110122
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02 出版日期:2025-12-08 发布日期:2025-12-08
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(010)53898019,E-mail:fengf_2005@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    中国质量检验检测科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2025JK069);中国质量检验检测科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2025JK022)

Determination of caffeine and taurine in electronic cigarette oil by high performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry

SUN Xiao1,2,3, CHANG Qizhi1,2,4, WANG Chang1,2, SHAO Wenhao1,2,4, FENG Feng1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Food Safety,Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection & Testing,Beijing 100176,China
    2. Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety,State Administration for Market Regulation,Beijing 100176,China
    3. Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control,Xi’an 710119,China
    4. School of Pharmacy,China Medical University,Shenyang 110122,China
  • Received:2025-09-02 Online:2025-12-08 Published:2025-12-08
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection & Testing(2025JK069);Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection & Testing(2025JK022)

摘要:

为保护消费者健康,电子烟油中禁止添加咖啡因和牛磺酸。然而,由于这两个化合物极性差异大,针对它们的同时检测仍面临挑战。本研究通过筛选和优化不同功能团的色谱柱及其分离条件,使用同时具有多种分离模式的色谱柱,建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测电子烟油中咖啡因和牛磺酸的分析方法。样品经50%乙腈水溶液提取,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液(含10 mmol/L甲酸铵)作为流动相梯度洗脱,使用FMD Comixsil ACRP色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.0 µm)分离,在多反应监测模式下,通过串联质谱检测器进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,咖啡因和牛磺酸在色谱柱上都得到了很好的保留,且峰形好,无拖尾。咖啡因在1.00~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.997),牛磺酸在10.0~1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998)。咖啡因、牛磺酸的检出限分别为0.100、1.00 mg/kg,定量限分别为0.250、2.50 mg/kg。在1倍、2倍、10倍3个添加水平下,各组分回收率为88.2%~99.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~6.6%(n=6)。本方法简单、快速,灵敏度高,可为电子烟的质量监管提供技术支撑。

关键词: 高效液相色谱-串联质谱, 电子烟油, 咖啡因, 牛磺酸

Abstract:

Electronic cigarette refers to electronic delivery systems designed to generate aerosols for human inhalation. In recent years, the global electronic cigarette market has experienced rapid expansion, drawing widespread international attention to its potential health impacts. To protect consumer health, China’s mandatory National Standard for electronic cigarettes issued in 2022 explicitly prohibits the addition of additives and stimulants associated with energy and vitality in electronic cigarette oil. However, to attract consumers, many illicit manufacturers illegally incorporate various stimulating substances into e-liquids. While detection methods have been reported for some illegal additives such as industrial cannabinoids and sweeteners in electronic cigarette oil, there is no fast and reliable detection method for the determination of caffeine and taurine in electronic cigarette oil available to this day. In order to ensure human health, a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and taurine in electronic cigarette oil using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with a mixed-functional column. Sample preparation involved a simple dilution and filtration step, which was optimized prior to analysis. The analytes were separated on a FMD Comixsil ACRP column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.0 μm). The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and a 0.1% formic acid solution containing 10 mmol/L ammonium formate with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.2 mL/min and the injection volume was 1μL. Mass spectrometric detection was carried out using electrospray ionization in positive mode (ESI+) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Under the optimized conditions, both caffeine and taurine were well retained on the chromatographic column, exhibiting excellent, tailing-free peak shapes. The method demonstrated that the limits of detection of caffeine and taurine were 0.100 and 1.00 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.250 and 2.50 mg/kg, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient (r) was ≥0.997. The average recovery of each component was 88.2%-99.0%, with relative standard deviation (RSD, n=6) between 2.2% and 6.6%. These results indicate that the method is simple, rapid and accurate. It has been successfully applied to the detection of caffeine and taurine in real electronic cigarette oil samples.

Key words: high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), electronic cigarette oil, caffeine, taurine

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