色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 658-666.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.09023

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大气细颗粒物中7种轮胎抗氧化剂及其醌类氧化物

刘峰, 唐彬彬, 吴丽媛, 宋丽新, 张敏, 贺敏*()   

  1. 包头市疾病预防控制中心(市卫生监督所),内蒙古 包头 014030
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-28 出版日期:2026-06-08 发布日期:2026-06-03
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:0472-5171569,E-mail:LHK1567@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    包头卫生健康科技计划(2023wsjkkj043)

Determination of seven tire antioxidants and their quinone oxidation products in fine particulate matter by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

LIU Feng, TANG Binbin, WU Liyuan, SONG Lixin, ZHANG Min, HE Min*()   

  1. Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Municipal Health Supervision Institute),Baotou 014030,China
  • Received:2025-09-28 Online:2026-06-08 Published:2026-06-03
  • Supported by:
    Baotou Hygiene and Health Technology Plan(2023wsjkkj043)

摘要:

建立了一种测定大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中7种对苯二胺类化合物(p-phenylenediamines, PPDs)及其醌类氧化物(PPD-Qs)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品通过90 mm石英纤维滤膜采集后,采用含1%(体积分数)氨水和20 μmol/L谷胱甘肽的乙腈提取,QuEChERS方法净化及氮吹浓缩后,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)和甲醇为流动相,通过Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱分离,在电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式下检测,内标法定量。结果表明,各目标物在0.05~20.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r均大于0.999),方法检出限和方法定量限分别为0.003~0.07 pg/m3和0.01~0.2 pg/m3。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,各目标物的回收率为66.3%~119.0%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~13.2%(n=6)。应用该方法检测包头市2025年1、2月的PM2.5样品,7种PPDs和5种PPD-Qs被检出,质量浓度范围分别为2.26~251.2 pg/m3和2.36~105.4 pg/m3。该方法简便、环保、准确,适用于PM2.5中PPDs和PPD-Qs的快速定量分析。

关键词: 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 大气细颗粒物, 对苯二胺类化合物, 对苯二胺醌类氧化物

Abstract:

p-Phenylenediamine compounds (PPDs) are widely used as anti-aging agents and antioxidants in rubber industry. However, environmental concerns have arisen regarding the toxicity of their quinone derivatives (PPD-Qs). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) serves as a crucial vector enabling PPDs and PPD-Qs to enter the human body via respiratory exposure pathway. Therefore, accurate monitoring of PPDs and PPD-Qs in PM2.5 is essential. In this research, a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) approach was established to quantify seven PPDs and seven PPD-Qs in PM2.5. Samples were collected on quartz fiber filters with a diameter of 90 mm. The filter was cut into strips and subsequently spiked with 2 ng of 6PPD-d5 and 6PPD-Q-d5 internal standards. The target compounds were extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile containing 1% (volume fraction) ammonia solution and 20 μmol/L glutathione (GSH), and purified via a modified QuEChERS pretreatment method. Specifically, after salting out with 0.5 g of NaCl and 1.0 g of MgSO4, the supernatant was subjected to dispersive solid-phase extraction for cleanup. In this process, 0.5 g of MgSO4, 100 mg of octadecylsilane (C18), and 100 mg of N-propylethylenediamine (PSA) were employed as sorbents. Subsequently, 5 mL of the cleaned-up supernatant was evaporated to near dryness and then redissolved in 0.2 mL of a methanol-water mixture (1∶1, volume ratio) for instrumental determination. The compounds were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm) with mobile phases consisting of a 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid and methanol. Identification and quantification of the compounds were carried out under positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The results indicated that all analytes exhibited good linear relationships within the range of 0.05-20.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (r) exceeding 0.999. The method detection limits (MDLs) and method quantification limits (MQLs) of the compounds were within the ranges of 0.003-0.07 pg/m3 and 0.01-0.2 pg/m3, respectively. At three spiked levels of low, medium and high, the recoveries of the compounds were in the range of 66.3% to 119.0% , and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 1.5% to 13.2% (n=6). Ultimately, the developed method was employed for the analysis of PPDs and PPD-Qs in PM2.5 samples collected from Baotou during January and February 2025. The results indicated that seven PPDs and five PPD-Qs were detected, with mass concentrations ranging from 2.26 to 251.2 pg/m3 and 2.36 to 105.4 pg/m3, respectively. The proposed method is characterized by its simplicity, environmental friendliness and accuracy, making it suitable for the rapid quantitative analysis of PPDs and PPD-Qs in PM2.5.

Key words: high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), p-phenylenediamine compounds (PPDs), p-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs)

中图分类号: