色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 134-150.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.06013

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

分子印迹聚合物的设计合成及其在医学诊疗与生物催化中的应用

宋庆美, 李昕昊, 吕永琴()   

  1. 北京化工大学生命科学与技术学院,有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室,国家能源生物炼制研发中心,绿色 化学品生物制造北京市重点实验室,教育部生物能源国际合作联合实验室,北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-14 出版日期:2026-02-08 发布日期:2026-02-05
  • 通讯作者: 吕永琴
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22122801)

Design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers and their applications in medical diagnosis and biocatalysis

SONG Qingmei, LI Xinhao, LYU Yongqin()   

  1. College of Life Science and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery,Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals Biomanufacturing,International Joint Bioenergy Laboratory of Ministry of Education,Beijing 100029,China
  • Received:2025-06-14 Online:2026-02-08 Published:2026-02-05
  • Contact: LYU Yongqin
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122801)

摘要:

分子印迹技术(MIT)因设计灵活、适用广泛,已在疾病诊断、环境监测与食品安全等领域展现出重要应用潜力。然而,传统本体聚合法仍存在传质效率低、模板残留严重及大分子印迹效率不足等问题,同时受制于成本、标准化及跨学科融合等因素,限制了MIT的规模化应用。针对上述问题,本团队围绕功能单体的高通量筛选与识别机制解析,建立了标准化功能单体库,并结合粗粒化模拟,实现了复杂体系中印迹聚合物(MIPs)的精准设计与可控合成。通过技术路径优化与材料体系升级,开发出高效固相模板表面印迹及具温度/pH响应特性的智能印迹材料,其结合亲和力显著提升,平衡解离常数(KD)可达10-12 mol/L,较非印迹聚合物提升逾万倍。在应用层面,团队构建了MIPs的多维交叉体系:在生物分离纯化中实现复杂体系中蛋白质的高效富集;在生物催化中搭建双酶级联系统以提升催化效率与酶活复性;在生物医学方向开发出皮克(pg)级灵敏度的生物标志物检测与超低浓度肿瘤细胞(5个细胞/mL全血)识别平台,拓展至肿瘤诊疗一体化与微生物群落干预等前沿领域。本文综述了近5年MIT在生物医学与生物催化领域的研究进展,系统总结了本团队在MIPs理性设计、制备方法及交叉应用方面的成果,并展望其在智能响应材料与集成化诊疗系统中的发展方向。

关键词: 分子印迹聚合物, 智能响应材料, 生物催化, 医学诊疗, 高通量筛选与精准识别

Abstract:

Molecularly imprinted technology (MIT) represents an advanced synthetic strategy that emulates biological recognition mechanisms, such as antigen-antibody or enzyme-substrate interactions, by creating three-dimensional cavity-like structures through the directional assembly of functional monomers around a template molecule. This process generates spatial and functional complementarity, enabling highly selective recognition of target species. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), often described as “synthetic antibodies”, overcome the intrinsic limitations of natural biomolecules by offering superior selectivity, robustness, cost-effectiveness, and structural tunability. These features position MIPs as promising alternatives to natural antibodies in targeted sensing and drug delivery, with broad applications across biomedical, environmental, and pharmaceutical domains, including pollutant detection, and food safety monitoring. Despite substantial progress, key challenges remain, such as uneven imprinting layers, template residue, and limited aqueous compatibility in macromolecular imprinting. Furthermore, issues of industrial scalability, unclear recognition mechanisms, and insufficient integration with emerging fields such as microfluidics and artificial intelligence have hindered large-scale translation. In recent years, our research team has systematically advanced MIT through a tri-dimensional strategy encompassing high-throughput monomer screening, mechanistic elucidation of molecular recognition, and directional assembly of functional units. By establishing a standardized monomer library and integrating molecular dynamics simulations, we achieved precise material design under complex conditions. Through process optimization and material innovation, we developed a highly efficient solid-phase surface imprinting method that enables the fabrication of smart MIPs with stimuli-responsive properties (e.g., temperature and pH). These MIPs exhibit markedly enhanced binding affinity, with equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) reaching 10-12 mol/L, over four orders of magnitude higher than those of non-imprinted polymers (NIPs). Building on these advances, we established cross-disciplinary application platforms, including affinity-based protein separation and purification systems capable of efficient dual-enzyme cascade immobilization and inactivated enzyme renaturation. In the biomedical domain, we developed ultrasensitive biosensing methods achieving picogram-level detection of heart failure biomarkers and single-digit (≈5 cells/mL) detection of cancer cells in whole blood, extending these methods toward integrated tumor theranostics and microbial community regulation. This paper comprehensively summarizes our team’s recent innovations in the rational design, functionalized fabrication, and cross-disciplinary applications of MIPs, spanning biosensing, biocatalysis, and biomedical diagnostics/therapeutics, while contextualizing these within the latest global advances in biomedicine and catalysis. Looking forward, we identify three strategic research frontiers for next-generation MIT. (i) Smart responsive material systems: design MIPs capable of multi-stimuli responsiveness (e.g., magnetic, photothermal, and pH cues) to enable programmable drug release, real-time signal monitoring, and dynamic feedback regulation. (ii) Quantitative modeling of dynamic recognition: establish multi-scale theoretical frameworks to elucidate coupling between cavity flexibility and target conformational dynamics, guiding structure optimization and function-oriented design of adaptive MIPs. (iii) Integrated intelligent theranostic platforms: integrate microfluidics and biomimetic recognition modules into closed-loop systems capable of biomarker detection, targeted delivery, and real-time therapeutic feedback, bridging the gap between in vitro sensing and in vivo precision intervention. Synergistic advancement along these trajectories will empower MIT to transcend its role as a “static recognition material” and evolve into an intelligent, adaptive, and systematic biomedical platform. Such evolution will accelerate the translation of MIT innovations from laboratory to clinic and industry, propelling progress in personalized medicine, point-of-care diagnostics, and synthetic biology, and yielding profound scientific and societal impact.

Key words: molecular imprinting polymers(MIP), stimuli-responsive materials, biocatalysis, medical diagnosis and therapy, high-throughput screening and specific molecular recognition

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