色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 847-863.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.03008

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本草物质科学研究方法与技术进展

刘艳芳1, 周晗1, 王纪霞1, 沈爱金1, 刘典1, 韩阳1, 余文怡1, 袁斌2, 王振3, 曾洁1, 薛兴亚1, 丰加涛1, 郭志谋1, 梁鑫淼1,*()   

  1. 1.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,植物化学与天然药物全国重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023
    2.赣江中药创新中心,江西 南昌 330000
    3.中国科学院上海药物研究所,上海 201203
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-08-08 发布日期:2026-07-30
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:0411-84379519,E-mail:liangxm@dicp.ac.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院基础与交叉前沿科研先导专项(B类先导专项)课题(XDB1230103);赣江新区多靶点中药新药创制基础数据集项目(2506-360000-04-04-511042)

Research methods and technological advancements in herbal material science

LIU Yanfang1, ZHOU Han1, WANG Jixia1, SHEN Aijin1, LIU Dian1, HAN Yang1, YU Wenyi1, YUAN Bin2, WANG Zhen3, ZENG Jie1, XUE Xingya1, FENG Jiatao1, GUO Zhimou1, LIANG Xinmiao1,*()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China
    2.Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center,Nanchang 330000,China
    3.Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201203,China
  • Received:2026-03-23 Online:2026-08-08 Published:2026-07-30
  • Supported by:
    Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China(XDB1230103);Special Fund for Digital Economy on Budgetary Infrastructure Investment of Jiangxi Province(2506-360000-04-04-511042)

摘要:

中药作为复杂的物质体系,长期面临“物质基础不明确、作用机理不清晰”的挑战,制约其现代化与国际化发展。为解决这一问题,“本草物质组计划”于2007年提出,旨在通过多学科技术整合,系统解析中药的物质组成、结构及其生物学功能,阐明多成分-多靶点协同作用机制。本文综述了本草物质科学研究的关键方法与技术进展:在本草物质组成与结构解析方面,液相色谱-质谱联用技术结合二维色谱、智能数据挖掘策略,实现了中药复杂化学成分的高通量表征与新化合物发现;多维高效制备色谱技术及自主研制的多维多通道分离纯化装置,突破了中药化合物规模化、系统化制备的瓶颈;核磁共振技术结合人工智能(如HSQC智能识别、深度学习模型),显著提升了结构鉴定的效率与精度。在本草物质的生物效应研究方面,靶点导向与表型导向的药理学技术(如无标记细胞整合药理学技术、热蛋白质组分析技术、亲和质谱技术)助力中药活性成分的靶点发现与机制解析;中药数据库与计算模拟技术(如虚拟筛选、分子动力学、人工智能预测模型)支撑了“多组分-多靶点”复杂互作网络的构建与模拟;结构生物学技术(尤其是冷冻电镜)为中药活性成分与靶点蛋白的相互作用提供了原子水平的结构洞察,推动了构效关系与多靶点机制的阐释。综上,分离分析、生物效应评价与计算模拟等多种技术的协同发展,正推动本草物质科学研究从“经验依赖”向“数据驱动”的范式转变。新技术的不断涌现与融合将持续揭示中药的未知领域,系统阐明其多成分多靶点的协同作用机制,深度发掘新结构、新靶点及新生物学效应,为中药传承创新和现代新药研发提供源头创新动力。

关键词: 本草物质组, 中药现代化, 多维制备色谱, 靶点发现, 人工智能, 结构生物学

Abstract:

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a complex system of substances, has long faced the challenges of an unclear material basis and obscure mechanisms of action, which has hindered its modernization and internationalization. To address these challenges, the “Herbalome” project was launched in 2007. This initiative aims to systematically reveal the material composition, structure, and biological functions of TCM through the integration of multidisciplinary technologies, thereby elucidating the synergistic mechanisms of multi-component and multi-target interactions. This paper reviews key methodological and technological advancements in the field of herbal material science. Specifically, regarding the composition and structural identification of herbal compounds, the integration of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with two-dimensional chromatography and intelligent data mining strategies has enabled high-throughput characterization of the complex chemical constituents of TCMs, as well as the discovery of novel compounds. Furthermore, advancements in multidimensional high-performance preparative chromatography and the development of novel multidimensional multi-channel separation and purification devices have overcome bottlenecks in the large-scale systematic preparation of TCM compounds. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance technology, enhanced by artificial intelligence techniques, such as intelligent heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) recognition and deep learning models, has significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of structural identification. In the study of the biological effects of herbal substances, target-oriented and phenotype-oriented pharmacological technologies, such as cellular label-free integrative pharmacology, thermal proteome profiling, and affinity mass spectrometry, have facilitated the discovery of targets and the elucidation of mechanisms for bioactive components in TCM. Moreover, TCM databases and computational simulation techniques, including virtual screening, molecular dynamics, and artificial intelligence prediction models, have supported the construction and simulation of complex “multi-component and multi-target” interaction networks. Structural biology techniques, particularly cryo-electron microscopy, have provided atomic-level insights into the interactions between TCM bioactive components and target proteins, advancing our understanding of structure-activity relationships and multi-target mechanisms. In conclusion, the synergistic advancement of various techniques, including separation analysis, bioeffect evaluation, and computational modelling, is driving a paradigm shift in herbal material science from “experience-dependent” to “data-driven” approaches. The ongoing emergence and integration of novel technologies will continue to reveal unexplored areas within traditional Chinese medicine, systematically elucidate its multi-component, multi-target synergistic mechanisms, and enable the in-depth discovery of novel structures, targets, and biological effects. This progress will provide innovation insights to support the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine as well as modern drug discovery.

Key words: herbalome, modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, multidimensional preparative chromatography, target discovery, artificial intelligence, structural biology

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