色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 877-888.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.08020

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

亲和超滤色谱-质谱技术在天然活性物质筛选中的研究进展

徐勇兵1,2, 钮宇佳1,2,3, 郭明全1,2,*()   

  1. 1.中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,先进诊疗材料与技术实验室,浙江 宁波 315201
    2.宁波慈溪生物医学工程研究所,浙江 宁波 315300
    3.浙江工业大学药学院,浙江 杭州 310014
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-28 出版日期:2026-08-08 发布日期:2026-07-30
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail:guomingquan@nimte.ac.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    宁波甬江人才工程科技创新项目(2022A-078-G);浙江省博士后科研择优资助项目(ZJ2024149)

Recent advances of affinity ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in screening natural active substances

XU Yongbing1,2, NIU Yujia1,2,3, GUO Mingquan1,2,*()   

  1. 1.Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,China
    2.Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering,Ningbo 315300,China
    3.School of Pharmacy,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Online:2026-08-08 Published:2026-07-30
  • Supported by:
    Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme(2022A-078-G);Postdoctoral Science Preferential Funding of Zhejiang Province(ZJ2024149)

摘要:

药用植物(包括中草药及其复方)是天然活性化合物的丰富来源,这些天然活性成分在人类健康的维护和疾病防治方面发挥着重要作用。然而,药用植物及中草药中的化学成分众多且十分复杂,如何快速筛选并阐释其中的主要活性物质一直是其药效物质基础研究以及新药研发的难题。亲和超滤-液相色谱-质谱(AUF-LC-MS)技术是一种将亲和捕获、超滤分离并结合色谱-质谱联用分析的快速筛选和鉴定天然活性小分子物质的重要方法,具有所需样品少、特异性强、灵敏度高、快速高效、操作简便等诸多优点。该技术通过利用药用植物或中草药提取物与靶标之间的亲和力差异,从复杂的基质中快速筛选并鉴定出活性成分,特别适用于药用植物及中药等复杂提取物。本研究综述了AUF-LC-MS技术的原理、特点以及该技术近10年(2015-2025)在天然活性成分筛选中的应用进展,包括对不同水平的AUF-LC-MS筛选(化合物水平、中药单方水平和中药复方水平)进行了归纳和总结。另外,依据靶点数量的不同,将中药单方水平的AUF-LC-MS筛选分类为单靶点筛选、双靶点筛选和多靶点筛选进一步细化并总结。同时,对该技术与其他不同的天然活性物质筛选方法进行了比较,并对该技术的未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为中药药效物质基础研究以及新药研发提供新的思路。

关键词: 天然活性物质, 亲和超滤, 液相色谱-质谱法, 多靶点, 活性成分筛选

Abstract:

Medicinal plants serve as a valuable source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, which have played a vital role in promoting human health, preventing and treating various diseases for thousands of years. However, the phytochemical profiles of medicinal plants, including traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs), are notably complex and highly diverse, posing a tough challenge for the rapid screening and identification of their potential bioactive constituents. This challenge is central to pharmacological research and drug development efforts in medicinal plants including TCHMs. Therefore, the rapid and efficient screening of bioactive components from complex natural products has become a key research direction in academia. To address this issue, affinity ultrafiltration coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (AUF-LC-MS) has emerged as an efficient technique that integrates affinity-based capture, ultrafiltration, and liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis to enable rapid screening and characterization of potential small-molecule bioactive compounds. Known for its low sample consumption, high specificity, exceptional sensitivity, operational simplicity and high efficiency, this approach leverages specific interactions between target molecules and chemical extracts to identify bioactive ligands from complex mixtures, making it particularly suitable for studying intricate matrices such as medicinal plant extracts and TCHM formulations. This study summarizes the principles, characteristics, and recent applications of AUF-LC-MS technology in the screening of potential active components in medicinal plants including TCHMs over the past decade (2015-2025). Based on different levels of AUF-LC-MS screening, including compound level, single TCHM level, and TCHM formula level, a comprehensive summary is provided. AUF-LC-MS screening of single TCHM level is further analyzed and summarized based on the number of targets, including single target screening, dual-targets screening, and multi-targets screening. At the same time, comparisons were made between other different natural active substance screening approaches and the AUF-LC-MS method. In addition, it outlines prospective research directions for the further development of AUF-LC-MS with the aim of providing new insights for the study of the pharmacological substances of TCHMs and the development of new drugs.

Key words: natural active substances, affinity ultrafiltration (AUF), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), multi-targets, active component screening

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