色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1300-1313.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04025

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

离子液体功能化磁性Fe3O4纳米材料在样品前处理-色谱分析中的研究进展

李嘉欣1, 赵丽珠1,2,*(), 孙向明1, 赫志强3, 曹惠玲1, 罗应金1, 杨波1,2,*()   

  1. 1.哈尔滨商业大学药学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076
    2.黑龙江省预防与治疗老年性疾病药物研究重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076
    3.东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-12-08 发布日期:2025-12-08
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(0451)84608207,E-mail:273382477@qq.com(杨波);E-mail:zhaolizhu_hsd@163.com(赵丽珠).
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z19169);黑龙江省青年科技人才托举工程项目(2023QNTJ014);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合基金培育项目(PL2024H197)

Research progress on ionic liquid-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterials in sample pretreatment- chromatographic analysis

LI Jiaxin1, ZHAO Lizhu1,2,*(), SUN Xiangming1, HE Zhiqiang3, CAO Huiling1, LUO Yingjin1, YANG Bo1,2,*()   

  1. 1. College of Pharmacy,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150076,China
    2. Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Preventive and Therapeutic Drug Research of Senile Diseases,Harbin 150076,China
    3. College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China
  • Received:2025-04-22 Online:2025-12-08 Published:2025-12-08
  • Supported by:
    Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z19169);Heilongjiang Province Young Talents Lifting Project(2023QNTJ014);Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Cultivation Project(PL2024H197)

摘要:

近年来,离子液体功能化磁性Fe3O4纳米材料(IL-Fe3O4 NPs)因稳定性好、吸附容量高、活性位点多、对有机或无机化合物的高溶解能力、可循环利用及易于分离等特点,广泛应用于样品前处理领域。离子液体具有结构可设计、导电性好、溶解能力强等特性,可单独或与其他材料共同用于修饰磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒。这种修饰通过表面功能化,不仅能有效抑制纳米颗粒的团聚和氧化等缺陷,还能克服离子液体自身黏度高、传质效率低及分离困难等局限性,尤其适用于金属离子等痕量目标分析物的富集检测。目前,IL-Fe3O4 NPs已广泛应用于磁性固相萃取、管内固相微萃取及移液吸头固相萃取等前处理技术,并可与色谱、光谱等检测技术实现在线或离线联用,显著提升了检测的灵敏度与准确性,在食品安全、环境监测、生物医药等方面展现出巨大的潜力和发展空间。本文系统总结了IL-Fe3O4 NPs的合成方法、分类、萃取模式、在线或离线检测技术及在样品前处理的应用,并对该类材料未来可能的探索方向进行了展望。

关键词: 离子液体, 纳米材料, 固相萃取, 合成方法, 样品前处理

Abstract:

The analysis of complex sample matrices, such as environmental samples, food commodities, and biological specimens, requires sophisticated pretreatment methods. These techniques are fundamentally critical for isolating and enriching analytes of interest, thereby substantially enhancing the sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency of subsequent analytical procedures. The judicious selection of adsorbent materials represents the pivotal element in achieving effective pretreatment. In recent years, ionic liquid-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (IL-Fe3O4 NPs) have garnered significant attention as highly promising materials within this domain. Their potential arises from an exceptional combination of properties: outstanding chemical and colloidal stability, high adsorption capacity, abundant surface active sites, superior solvation capabilities for diverse organic and inorganic compounds, potential for regeneration and reuse, and facile magnetic separation facilitated by an external magnetic field. Ionic liquids (ILs) are characterized by their structurally tailorable nature, excellent ionic conductivity, and potent dissolution capabilities. These intrinsic attributes render ILs highly effective as modifiers for Fe3O4 nanoparticles, either applied singularly or in hybrid composites with other functional materials. This surface functionalization fulfills two essential roles: firstly, it effectively mitigates the inherent tendency of nanoparticles towards agglomeration and provides a protective layer against oxidation; secondly, it circumvents well-documented limitations associated with bulk ionic liquids, notably their high viscosity (which impedes diffusion kinetics and mass transfer efficiency) and the practical difficulties often encountered in their separation from liquid phases. Consequently, IL-Fe3O4 NPs demonstrate particular utility for the efficient enrichment of trace-level analytes, such as metal ions. The resulting composite material successfully retains the advantageous core properties of the magnetic Fe3O4 substrate, specifically its superparamagnetic behavior (enabling rapid and efficient magnetic separation) and inherent biocompatibility. Simultaneously, it incorporates the highly desirable characteristics of ionic liquids, namely their extensive structural design flexibility and ease of chemical functionalization. The adsorption and extraction of analytes by IL-Fe3O4 NPs are governed by a complex interplay of multiple intermolecular forces. These encompass π-π stacking interactions, electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effects, and potentially coordinative interactions. This multifaceted binding capability underpins the material’s demonstrated high adsorption efficiency and selectivity towards various analytes. Currently, IL-Fe3O4 NPs are extensively employed across a broad range of modern sample pretreatment techniques. Principal methodologies include magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), and pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE). Furthermore, these functionalized nanoparticles exhibit excellent compatibility for integration—both in online and offline configurations—with established analytical detection platforms. This includes coupling with chromatographic techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC), as well as spectroscopic methods including atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The seamless coupling of IL-Fe3O4 NPs-based extraction with these detection systems significantly augments overall method sensitivity and analytical accuracy. As a result, these materials show considerable promise for impactful applications in critical areas such as food safety assurance, environmental contaminant monitoring, and biomedical analysis. This article systematically summarizes the synthesis methods, classifications, main extraction modes, online or offline detection techniques, and applications in sample pretreatment of IL-Fe3O4 NPs, while also providing an outlook on potential future exploration directions for this class of materials.

Key words: ionic liquids (ILs), nanomaterials, solid-phase extraction (SPE), synthesis methods, sample pretreatment

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