色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 606-619.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.05030

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

磁增强管内固相微萃取的材料制备及应用进展

骆娅娜1, 陈珈1, 胡宇宇1, 高世杰1, 王艳丽2, 刘艳明2, 冯娟娟1,*(), 孙敏1,*()   

  1. 1.济南大学化学化工学院,山东 济南 250022
    2.山东省食品药品检验研究院,山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术中心,山东 济南 250101
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29 出版日期:2025-06-08 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 通讯作者: * Tel:(0531)82765475,E-mail:chm_fengjuanjuan@ujn.edu.cn(冯娟娟); Tel:(0531)82765475,E-mail:chm_sunm@ujn.edu.cn(孙敏).
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MB006);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MB154)

Research progress in material preparation and application of magnetism-enhanced in-tube solid-phase microextraction

LUO Yana1, CHEN Jia1, HU Yuyu1, GAO Shijie1, WANG Yanli2, LIU Yanming2, FENG Juanjuan1,*(), SUN Min1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China
    2. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control,Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug,Jinan 250101,China
  • Received:2024-05-29 Online:2025-06-08 Published:2025-05-21
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(ZR2023MB006);Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(ZR2023MB154)

摘要:

样品进行分析检测时因基质成分复杂、分析物含量较低,直接用仪器进行准确、灵敏分析存在困难,因此在样品进行色谱分析检测前必须选择合适的样品前处理方法以实现目标物的选择性富集。在众多的样品前处理方法中,管内固相微萃取(IT-SPME)具有微型化、环境友好等优点,是一种有发展前景的样品前处理技术。萃取效率不理想、萃取速率慢等不足限制了IT-SPME的快速发展。为了进一步提高萃取的选择性和萃取效率,改善IT-SPME存在的不足,减少样品损失和污染,外加磁场力作用被引入IT-SPME,发展出磁增强管内固相微萃取(ME-IT-SPME)新技术。纳米材料、整体材料、磁性杂化材料等新型萃取材料主要通过亲/疏水作用、氢键、π-π作用、极性相互作用、配位作用等相互作用选择性吸附和高效富集多种类型的分析物,如有机农药、重金属离子、除草剂、雌激素、防腐剂、药物分子等。ME-IT-SPME在吸附和洗脱阶段对微萃取管(开管柱型、颗粒填充型、整体柱型)施加不同强度和方向的磁场,显著地提高了萃取效率,并联用色谱法对目标物进行高灵敏分析,获得了准确的分析结果,有效节约了实验成本,实现了高通量和快速准确的自动化分析。本文介绍了自2012年ME-IT-SPME技术诞生以来,ME-IT-SPME的材料制备,综述了ME-IT-SPME技术在环境分析、食品检测和生物医药领域的应用进展,并对该技术的未来发展进行了展望。

关键词: 磁增强管内固相微萃取, 样品前处理, 环境分析, 食品分析, 生物医药分析, 综述

Abstract:

Selecting a suitable sample preparation method is a significant step prior to chromatographic separation and detection. Directly analyzing samples instrumentally is difficult owing to the complexity of the sample matrix and the trace concentration of analytes. Most sample preparation methods have disadvantages, including complicated operating procedures, the use of large amounts of organic solvent, and ease of analyte loss during multistep processes; consequently, they do not meet the high analytical sample detection requirements of modern industry. The development of simple, environmentally friendly, efficient, and rapid preparation methods is a continuing frontier research area in the analytical chemistry field. Among the many available sample preparation techniques, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) is receiving extensive attention. IT-SPME enriches the target analytes by extracting them to the inner surface of the capillary tube, and has been applied to extract various analytes in the environmental and food fields. IT-SPME is advantageous because it consumes low amounts of organic solvent and capillaries are mechanical stable; consequently, IT-SPME is a promising sample preparation technique. Magnetic field has been introduced to the IT-SPME system to further improve extraction efficiency and selectivity, leading to the development of magnetism-enhanced in-tube solid-phase microextraction (ME-IT-SPME) as a new technology. ME-IT-SPME uses magnetic field to separate and enrich targets, with different magnetic-field strengths applied to the extraction column during adsorption and elution. Diamagnetic substances in a paramagnetic medium tend to concentrate in regions where the magnetic field is weak when an external magnetic field is applied. Target analytes are detected chromatographically following elution. Conditions are optimized and an analytical method is established and used to detect targets in actual samples, leading to improved extraction sensitivity and precision compared to those obtained using IT-SPME, including shorter analysis time and superior extraction efficiency. This paper reviews the applications of ME-IT-SPME technology in combination with various analytical instruments since its inception in 2012, and analyzes its analysis and detection advantages. Based on hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π and polarity interactions, coordination, and other extraction mechanisms with analytes, ME-IT-SPME uses innovative functional extraction materials, including nanomaterials, monolithic materials, and magnetic hybrid materials, all of which have high surface areas and numerous adsorption sites. Capillary microextraction columns are prepared using open-tubular capillary, particle-filling capillary, or monolithic capillaries. Diverse analytes are detected when ME-IT-SPME is combined with chromatograph, including organic pesticide residues, heavy-metal ions, herbicides, preservatives, and drug molecules. ME-IT-SPME technology is widely used in the environmental-analysis, food-analysis, and biomedical fields. Future, ME-IT-SPME technological developments should include: (1) focus on the reusability and stability of the magnetic extraction material; (2) discovering new extraction materials that are highly enriching and selective in order to analyze a greater variety of targets; (3) further innovating ME-IT-SPME technology by combining it with other more-sensitive analytical methods and considering its use in other fields; (4) connecting different capillaries to simultaneously enrich a variety of analytes; (5) exploring how the higher magnetic field influences extraction efficiency by designing new magnetic-field-regulating devices with small thermal interference; (6) combining the technology with advanced portable analytical instruments to realize real-time target analysis in the field; (7) exploiting immuno-affinitive extraction tubes that can be used to highly efficiently and selectively extract biological macromolecular drugs.

Key words: magnetism-enhanced in-tube solid-phase microextraction (ME-IT-SPME), sample preparation, environmental analysis, food analysis, biomedicine analysis, review

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