色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 779-792.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10022

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

超声提取-气相色谱-质谱法识别和测定焚香释放气体及颗粒物中的有机化合物

岳子琪1,2,3, 姜璐1,*(), 李志刚2, 王威1,2,3, 王亚韡1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京 100085
    2.国科大杭州高等研究院环境学院,浙江 杭州 310024
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-29 出版日期:2025-07-08 发布日期:2025-07-04
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(010)62849840,E-mail:lujiang@rcees.ac.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22021003);中国博士后科学基金(GZB20230808)

Identification and determination of organic compounds in the gas and particulate matter released by incense burning by ultrasonic extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

YUE Ziqi1,2,3, JIANG Lu1,*(), LI Zhigang2, WANG Wei1,2,3, WANG Yawei1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China
    2. School of Environment,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2024-10-29 Online:2025-07-08 Published:2025-07-04
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22021003);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB20230808)

摘要:

焚香会造成室内空气污染,长期暴露于焚香环境中会对人体健康构成风险。本研究基于超声提取-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法,建立了可同时测定焚香释放的气体和颗粒物中67种有机化合物(包括29种酯类化合物、7种苯系物、14种酚类化合物和17种多环芳烃)的分析方法。研究利用石英滤膜和自制的XAD-2树脂采样管分别收集室内焚香释放的颗粒态和气态组分,并将收集到的两类样品分别进行超声提取。利用气相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱(GC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS)进行焚香成分的非靶向分析,以此实现对焚香样品中痕量有机化合物的初步鉴定;之后利用GC-MS在选择离子监测(SIM)模式下进行靶向分析,用外标法定量。方法学验证结果表明,67种有机化合物在10~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均≥0.999 0,检出限(LOD)为0.02~0.33 µg/m3,定量限(LOQ)为0.03~0.67 µg/m3。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,67种有机化合物在气态组分中的回收率为72.7%~119.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%~4.1%;67种有机化合物在颗粒态组分中的回收率为71.5%~118.9%,RSD为0.7%~9.5%。将所建方法应用于室内焚香样品(线香和电加热香粉)的测定,并分析了不同焚烧方式对产物种类及含量的影响。结果表明,在相同的焚香时间(30 min)内,线香点燃时释放的气态和颗粒态有机化合物总含量均高于电加热香粉。线香燃烧产生的颗粒态有机化合物以酚类化合物和多环芳烃为主,其次是酯类化合物,苯系物仅占很少一部分;电加热香粉产生的颗粒态有机化合物组成与线香相似。在焚烧线香释放的气态有机化合物中检测到了大量的苯系物,含量远超其他3类有机化合物;电加热香粉释放的气态有机化合物以苯系物和酯类化合物为主,其次是多环芳烃和酚类化合物。与先前报道的相关监测方法相比,本方法更为简单、高效,为焚香释放的气态和颗粒态有机化合物的灵敏筛检提供了更便捷的技术手段。

关键词: 气相色谱-质谱, 焚香产物鉴定, 有机化合物, 室内空气

Abstract:

Statistical evidence indicates that individuals spend approximately 90% of their time indoors on a daily basis. A multitude of human activities, including incense burning, cooking, smoking, and the use of electrical appliances, can contribute to indoor air pollution. This phenomenon poses a significant risk of indoor exposure to human health risks. Incense burning, as one of the major indoor pollution sources, has been increasing in use in recent years due to its special effects in religious practices and regional lifestyles. Incense usually consists of herbs, wood powder, bamboo sticks, scented materials, and binder powders, and the specific chemical composition of each type of material is complex due to different uses and manufacturing processes; and the degree of complete combustion, thermal degradation and volatilization processes of different types of incense vary greatly, resulting in the release of gaseous and particulate organic compounds whose compositions are not yet clear. Studies have shown that the emission factors of particulate matter released from incense burning may be much higher than those produced during the combustion of charcoal, wood and cigarettes. The levels of organic pollutants emitted by incense burning, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, benzenes, and phenols, are much higher than outdoor levels. Prolonged exposure to incense smoke has been shown to cause respiratory damage and potential genotoxicity. Therefore, accurate identification and measurement of the organic pollutants emitted from incense burning is particularly important to accurately assess their environmental and population health risks. Herein, this study established an analytical method based on ultrasonic extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the simultaneous determination of 67 organic compounds in gaseous and particulate emissions from incense burning. These compounds include 29 esters, seven benzene series, 14 phenols, and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Particulate and gaseous components released during indoor incense burning were collected using quartz filter membrane and self-made XAD-2 resin sampling tubes, respectively. Non-targeted analysis of incense components was performed using a GC-quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) to achieve preliminary identification of trace organic compounds in the incense-burning samples. Subsequently, targeted analysis was conducted using GC-MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, with quantification performed using the external standard method. Method validation results demonstrated good linearity for all 67 organic compounds within the range of 10 to 500 μg/L, with correlation coefficients (r)≥0.999 0. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were ranged from 0.02 to 0.33 µg/m³ and 0.03 to 0.67 µg/m³, respectively. At low, medium, and high spiked levels, the recoveries for the 67 organic compounds in the gaseous phase ranged from 72.7% to 119.0%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9% to 4.1%; for the particulate phase, the recoveries for the 67 organic compounds ranged from 71.5% to 118.9%, with RSDs of 0.7% to 9.5%. The established method was applied to the determination of indoor incense-burning samples (incense sticks and electrically heated incense powder), and the influence of different incineration methods on the types and contents of products was analyzed. The results indicated that during the same burning duration (30 min), the total content of gaseous and particulate organic compounds released from ignited incense sticks was higher than that from electrically heated powdered incense. The particulate organic compounds produced by the ignited incense sticks are mainly phenolics and PAHs, followed by esters, and benzene series. The composition of particulate organic compounds from electrically heated powdered incense was similar to that of incense sticks. A large amount of benzene series were detected in the gaseous organic compounds released by burning incense sticks, and the content was much higher than that of the other three types of organic compounds. The gaseous organic compounds released by electrically heated incense powder are mainly benzene series and phenols, followed by PAHs and esters. Compared with the previously reported related monitoring methods, this method is simpler and more efficient, providing a more convenient technical means for the sensitive screening of gaseous and particulate organic compounds released by incense burning.

Key words: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), incense products identification, organic compounds, indoor air