色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 793-804.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10004

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析烟叶挥发性香味成分

姚小龙1, 马亚云2, 李媛1, 施高健2, 周倩玮1, 张玉海3, 罗宁洁4, 张琳1, 李斌3, 邓楠2,*(), 孟令杰2   

  1. 1.咸阳烟叶复烤有限责任公司,陕西 西安 712042
    2.西安交通大学大型仪器设备共享实验中心,陕西 西安 710049
    3.中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南 郑州 450001
    4.西安交通大学医学部,陕西 西安 710061
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2025-07-08 发布日期:2025-07-04
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(029)88966176,E-mail:dengnan@xjtu.edu.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司陕西省公司科技项目(KJ-2022-10);中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(11020222008)

Analysis of volatile aroma components in tobacco by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid phase microextraction

YAO Xiaolong1, MA Yayun2, LI Yuan1, SHI Gaojian2, ZHOU Qianwei1, ZHANG Yuhai3, LUO Ningjie4, ZHANG Lin1, LI Bin3, DENG Nan2,*(), MENG Lingjie2   

  1. 1. Xianyang Tobacco Redrying Co. ,Ltd. ,Xi’an 712042,China
    2. Core Facilities and Experiment Center,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China
    3. Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation,Zhengzhou 450001,China
    4. Health Science Center,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061,China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Online:2025-07-08 Published:2025-07-04
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Tobacco Province of China National Tobacco Corporation(KJ-2022-10);Key Research and Development Project of China National Tobacco Corporation(11020222008)

摘要:

烟叶挥发性香味物质种类多且易受样品基质干扰,高效稳定的分析方法对于准确鉴定复杂基质中的挥发性香味成分至关重要。本文采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了5个烟草产地中桔三(C3F)等级烟叶中挥发性香味成分。烟叶样品(1.0 g)在80 ℃条件下,使用80 μm二乙烯基苯/活性炭/聚二甲基硅氧烷(DVB/CWR/PDMS)萃取纤维顶空萃取30 min,在进样口处280 ℃解吸8 min。通过质谱数据库检索,初步检测到107种挥发性香味成分,采用内标法进行定量分析,酮类、芳香类和杂环类占70%以上(新植二烯除外)。结合正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)技术筛选出了代表性的差异物质。该方法及研究结果不仅为挥发性香味成分的标准化分析提供了参考,也为进一步深入挖掘与香味指标有关的物质,改善烟叶品质提供了理论依据。

关键词: 顶空固相微萃取, 气相色谱-质谱, 正交偏最小二乘-判别分析, 挥发性香味成分, 烟叶

Abstract:

Volatile flavor compounds play vital roles when evaluating the flavor and quality of tobacco products. Pretreatment is always required owing to the wide range of flavor compounds and the complexity of the tobacco matrix. Solvent extraction (SE), steam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and solid phase microextraction (SPME) are methods commonly used to extract and purify volatile flavor compounds. Among these methods, SPME coupled with headspace (HS) sampling has gained considerable attention in a variety of research fields because it combines sampling, extraction, concentration, and sample injection into a single procedure to deliver advantages that include convenient and simple sample preparation, small sample volumes, high sensitivities, and convenient operation.In this study, HS-SPME coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile aroma components in tobacco leaves. First, extraction efficiency was optimized by carefully evaluating multiple parameters, including types of solid phase microextraction fibers, extraction temperature, adsorption time, and desorption time. The number of chromatographic peaks, total chromatographic peak area, number of identified compounds, and internal-standard peak areas were used as indices. The optimized protocol involves incubating tobacco powder (1.0 g) under 80 ℃, extraction with an 80 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CWR/PDMS) SPME needle for 30 min, followed by desorption from the fiber for a sufficient time (8 min). These conditions led to a 1.6% RSD for the internal-standard peak area across five replicate experiments; hence, the developed method is highly repeatable. The volatile aroma components in tobacco leaves obtained from five different production areas were analyzed using the optimized parameters. A total of 107 volatile aroma compounds were identified, among which ketones, aromatics, and heterocyclic compounds accounted for more than 70% of the total volatile aroma components (excluding neophytadiene). Tobacco leaves obtained from the Shangluo region contained the highest amount of total volatile aroma compounds, followed by leaves from Ankang, Hanzhong, Baoji, and Yan’an regions. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to determine the main differential components from the various production regions, which identified 14 differential compounds (primarily ketones and alcohols). This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for further exploring key volatile flavor compounds in leaves sourced from different production areas, as well as for identifying flavor-indicator substances and improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

Key words: headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), volatile aroma components, tobacco

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