色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 525-532.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

非变性质谱和紫外激光解离揭示锌离子对α-突触核蛋白的构象选择性

覃辉文1,2, 玄玥2, 赵恒2, 刘哲益2,*(), 丁茯1,*(), 王方军2   

  1. 1.沈阳化工大学化学工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110142
    2.化学反应动力学全国重点实验室,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁 大连 116023
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2026-05-07
  • 通讯作者: Tel:024-89383328,E-mail: dingfu@syuct.edu.cn(丁茯);Tel:0411-82464150,E-mail:zy_liu@dicp.ac.cn(刘哲益).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32088101);国家自然科学基金项目(22288201)

Native mass spectrometry and ultraviolet photodissociation reveal conformation-selectivity of zinc ion to α-synuclein

QIN Huiwen1,2, XUAN Yue2, ZHAO Heng2, LIU Zheyi2,*(), DING Fu1,*(), WANG Fangjun2   

  1. 1. College of Chemical Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China
  • Received:2025-04-16 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2026-05-07
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32088101)

摘要:

锌离子(Zn2+)与α-突触核蛋白(α-Syn)的构象特异性结合机制对揭示帕金森病发病机理具有重要意义。本研究通过非变性质谱(nMS)联用紫外激光解离(UVPD)技术,揭示了α-Syn的3种构象异质性,并鉴定出具有显著Zn2+结合差异的低价态、中间价态及高价态构象。实验数据显示,低价态构象表现出最强的Zn2+结合能力,其结合位点数超过2个且结合强度显著高于仅结合1个Zn2+的中间价态构象和结合2个Zn2+的高价态构象。进一步通过解离效率差异(ΔFYs)的定量比较发现,Zn2+结合诱导不同构象的α-Syn发生不同的结构变化,其中低价态构象的ΔFYs变化最为显著。对UVPD产生的Zn2+结合蛋白碎片(holo碎片)进行分布模式分析表明,3种构象中的holo碎片分布存在显著差异。结合一级谱分布特征、ΔFYs的变化特征和holo碎片分布特征,可以推测出低价态构象主要依赖C端(Cterm)的静电相互作用形成Zn2+-蛋白复合物,中间价态构象以配位结合为主导,而高价态构象则表现出两种作用模式的协同效应。该研究从多构象动态平衡视角阐明了α-Syn-Zn2+相互作用的分子机制,为针对蛋白质构象特异性设计帕金森病调控疗法提供了理论依据。

关键词: α-突触核蛋白, 锌离子, 紫外激光解离

Abstract:

The conformation-specific binding mechanism between zinc ions (Zn2+) and α-synuclein (α-Syn) plays a pivotal role in elucidating the molecular underpinnings of Parkinson’s disease. α-Syn is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), known for its structural plasticity and dynamic conformational landscape, which are intimately linked to its aggregation propensity and pathogenic potential. In this study, we employed native mass spectrometry (nMS) coupled with 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) to investigate the α-Syn-Zn2+ interaction across different conformational states. This integrated approach enables both preservation of non-covalent interactions and detailed structural interrogation, offering unparalleled insights into IDP behavior upon metal binding. We identified three distinct charge-state-dependent conformational populations of α-Syn (low-charge, intermediate-charge, and high-charge conformations), each exhibiting markedly different Zn2+ binding capacities and mechanisms. Experimental data revealed that the low-charge conformations exhibited the highest Zn2+ binding affinity and capacity, accommodating up to three Zn2+ ions. In contrast, the intermediate-charge conformations bound predominantly to one Zn2+ ion. The high-charge conformations, despite their extended structures, retained the ability to bind up to two Zn2+ ions, but with lower affinity. Quantitative analysis of UVPD-derived fragmentation yield changes (ΔFYs) provided residue-level insights into structural perturbations upon Zn2+ coordination. The most pronounced ΔFYs were observed in the low-charge conformers, indicating substantial Zn2+-induced structural stabilization or reorganization, particularly in the C-terminal (Cterm). Distribution patterns of Zn2+-bound protein fragments (holo fragments) generated by UVPD further supported distinct fragmentation patterns for each conformational state, reflecting differential Zn2+ distribution and protection across the α-Syn sequence. Integrating ΔFYs analysis with holo fragment mapping, we propose three distinct binding mechanisms: (i) low-charge states stabilize Zn2+ binding primarily through electrostatic interactions involving acidic residues in the Cterm; (ii) intermediate-charge states form coordination bonds likely involving histidine or side-chain donors; and (iii) high-charge states exhibit a hybrid mechanism combining electrostatic and coordination elements, though with reduced spatial proximity and structural integrity. Overall, this work highlights the conformation-dependent nature of metal ion interactions in IDPs and underscores the potential of nMS-UVPD as a powerful tool for probing dynamic structural ensembles. These findings provide critical mechanistic insights that could inform the design of conformation-selective therapeutic agents aimed at modulating metal-induced α-Syn aggregation in Parkinson’s disease.

Key words: α-synuclein (α-Syn), zinc ion (Zn2+), ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD)

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