色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 946-959.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.04013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

低共熔溶剂改性反相液相色谱法用于天然产物分离

章慧, 吴慧敏, 何群, 秦天雪, 郭素英, 李雯静, 江蓉, 孙光映()   

  1. 黄山学院,安徽 黄山 245021
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-12 出版日期:2026-08-08 发布日期:2026-07-30
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail:sunguangying@hsu.edu.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    黄山学院大学生科技创新研究项目(XSKY202412);安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(2023AH051373);黄山学院校人才启动项目(2021xkjq010)

Deep eutectic solvents modified reversed-phase liquid chromatography for the separation of natural products

ZHANG Hui, WU Huimin, HE Qun, QIN Tianxue, GUO Suying, LI Wenjing, JIANG Rong, SUN Guangying()   

  1. Huangshan University,Huangshan 245021,China
  • Received:2026-04-12 Online:2026-08-08 Published:2026-07-30
  • Supported by:
    Scientific and Technological Innovation Research Project for University Students of Huangshan University(XSKY202412);Natural Science Research Project of Universities in Anhui Province(2023AH051373);Talent Start-up Project of Huangshan University(2021xkjq010)

摘要:

复杂天然产物在液相色谱分离过程中,高载样量与良好分离效果通常难以兼顾。为了解决该技术瓶颈,本工作以低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents, DESs)为流动相添加剂,系统探究其对不同类型化合物在C18柱上色谱行为规律的影响,包括保留值、过载峰形及吸附容量,并分别验证其在黄连、金银花及山茱萸提取物中分离小檗碱、绿原酸、莫诺苷的应用潜力。结果表明,对于可离子化化合物,在流动相中添加DESs能起到压缩色谱峰宽和提高分辨率的效果。其中,对碱性化合物而言,这种提升主要来自DESs中的氢键受体如氯化胆碱对固定相残留硅羟基的屏蔽。而酸性化合物分离的改善则取决于离子对的形成,这与流动相的pH及缓冲盐浓度高度相关。过载和吸附行为实验结果还表明,DESs能有效减弱酸性化合物在固定相吸附过程中溶质-溶质相互作用。对天然产物中的中性化合物而言,在流动相中添加DESs可通过调控离子型共洗脱杂质的色谱行为,间接实现分离优化。本研究为DESs作为流动相添加剂在天然产物制备分离优化中的应用提供了理论依据与技术参考。

关键词: 低共熔溶剂, 反相制备液相色谱, 离子对色谱, 天然产物

Abstract:

The composition of natural products is usually very complex. During the separation of natural products, high loading capacity and satisfactory chromatographic resolution are often hardly achieved. To address this limitation, various modifiers were added in the mobile phase to alter the chromatographic behavior. Here, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were chosen to accomplish this objective on C18 column. Changes in retention factor, overloaded peak shape and adsorption capacity were systematically investigated and interpreted. The application potential of DESs in the separation of natural products was then evaluated. For ionizable compounds, the addition of DESs could compress the peak width and enhance the resolution. This is closely related to the electrostatic interactions provided by hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) of DESs. For ionizable basic compounds like nortriptyline hydrochloride, they could remain in a cationic state constantly. Consequently, ion-exchange interactions occurred between nortriptyline cation and residual silanol anion, which resulted in severe peak tailing. However, this interaction could be shielded by the addition of HBA of DESs (such as choline chloride (ChCl)). As the pH of the mobile phase increased, the dissociation of silanol groups was enhanced. This rendered the shielding effect more prominent and led to a higher peak compression of nortriptyline hydrochloride. Notably, although the mobile phase was acidic, the dissociation of silanol groups cannot be completely suppressed. It means that this modulating effect of HBA never disappears. Based on these principles, the semi-preparative separation of berberine from Coptis chinensis extracts was successfully improved. The improvement in the separation of acidic compounds by DESs depends on the ion-pair formation. This effect is highly correlated with the mobile phase pH and salt concentration. Here, benzoic acid was chosen as a model to investigate the overload behavior and adsorption. The results indicated that under neutral conditions, ChCl addition converted the sigmoidal adsorption to a linear type. It can be attributed to the ion-pair formation between benzoate anions and HBA cations. Mutual repulsion between benzoate anions was therefore reduced and adsorption capacity correspondingly enhanced. Furthermore, the results of the overload experiment indicated that ChCl can effectively weaken the solute-solute interactions. It is worth noting that the mobile phase pH is barely influenced after the addition of ChCl. Remarkably, these features are of critical importance for the optimization of preparative chromatographic methods. The beneficial effect of HBAs was validated in the semi-preparative separation of chlorogenic acid from Lonicera japonica extracts. For neutral compounds like morroniside, the HBA in DESs cannot affect their chromatographic behavior through electrostatic interactions. However, there are usually many ionizable impurities surrounding the neutral compounds in natural products. Their chromatographic behavior can be modulated by the HBAs in DESs. The separation of neutral compounds in natural products could be indirectly optimized by modulating their chromatographic behavior. This view was also confirmed by the separation of morroniside from Cornus officinalis extracts.

Key words: deep eutectic solvent (DES), preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography, ion-pair chromatography, natural products

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