色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 1127-1135.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.03021

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

室内灰尘中氟化液晶单体的赋存特征及人体健康暴露风险

王世元, 华凯, 何佳豪, 高珂(), 鲁理平   

  1. 北京工业大学环境科学系,区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室,北京 100124
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2025-10-08 发布日期:2025-09-24
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(010)67391659,E-mail:gaoke@bjut.edu.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22206009);北京市自然科学基金(8232020)

Occurrence characterization of fluorinated liquid crystal monomers in indoor dust and human health exposure risks

WANG Shiyuan, HUA Kai, HE Jiahao, GAO Ke(), LU Liping   

  1. Department of Environmental Science,Beijing University of Technology,Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control,Beijing 100124,China
  • Received:2025-03-31 Online:2025-10-08 Published:2025-09-24
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22206009);Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8232020)

摘要:

氟化液晶单体(FLCMs)作为液晶显示器(LCD)的关键材料,可在其生命周期中释放到环境,被视为新型持久性有机污染物。室内灰尘中的FLCMs污染与人体健康紧密相关,但其赋存特征及人群健康风险差异尚不明确。本研究利用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析了实验室、宿舍、教室、打印店和食堂5种室内灰尘中FLCMs的赋存特征,并采用蒙特卡洛模拟评估人群差异化健康风险。结果显示,20种FLCMs的总含量范围为3.68~593 ng/g(中位数85.1 ng/g),其中打印店含量最高(206~593 ng/g),其次为实验室(89.0~219 ng/g)、教室(28.4~137 ng/g)。这种分布差异与电子设备数量/种类、通风条件及清洁频率密切相关。健康风险评估表明,4-[二氟(3,4,5-三氟苯氧基)甲基]-3,5-二氟-4′-丙基联苯(tFPO-CF2-dF3B)和4-[反-4-(反-4-乙基环己基)环己基]-1-三氟甲氧基苯(2bcHtFMeOP)的健康风险熵(HQ,>1.00×10-6)高于其他FLCMs,这归因于其较高浓度和自身毒性。打印店对各年龄段人群的危害指数(HI)最高(HI中位数范围:1.88×10-5~1.60×10-4),为其他场所的2~6倍。差异性分析表明,不同室内场景和不同人群的非致癌风险存在差异,高校主要群体(18~60岁)中女性的非致癌风险更高。本研究弥补了室内灰尘中FLCMs赋存特征及人群差异化健康风险评估的不足,为FLCMs污染的管控和治理提供了全面精细的数据支持。

关键词: 氟化液晶单体, 全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱, 室内灰尘, 人群差异, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Fluorinated liquid crystal monomers (FLCMs) are the most widely used materials in liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturing. They can be released into environmental media during production, use, and disposal, and are recognized as a class of novel persistent organic pollutants. Contamination of FLCMs in indoor dust is closely linked to human health; however, existing research has yet to fully elucidate their occurrence characteristics and population-differentiated health risks within this medium. This study analyzed the occurrence characteristics of FLCMs in dust from five indoor environments (laboratories, dormitories, classrooms, print shops, and cafeterias) using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS). Population-differentiated health risks were further evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the total contents of 20 target FLCMs ranged from 3.68 to 593 ng/g (median: 85.1 ng/g). Print shops exhibited the highest ∑FLCMs contents (206-593 ng/g), followed by laboratories (89.0-219 ng/g) and classrooms (28.4–137 ng/g). This differential distribution was closely associated with the number and types of electronic devices, ventilation conditions, and indoor cleaning frequency. The health risk assessment indicated that 4-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]-3,5-difluoro-4′-propylbiphenyl (tFPO-CF2-dF3B), and 4-[trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-1-trifluoromethoxybenzene (2bcHtFMeOP) pose a higher health risk (hazard quotient (HQ)>1.00×10-6) than the other FLCMs, which is probably result of their higher fugitive contents as well as higher autotoxicity. Print stores had the highest hazard index (HI) for all age groups (median HI range: 1.88×10-5-1.60×10-4), which was 2-6 times higher than other sites. Population difference analysis reveals that minors (especially infants and young children) are more sensitive to indoor dust FLCMs exposure, which may be due to the high exposure rate of infants and young children caused by their crawling, playing, and hand mouth contact on the ground. In addition, the results indicate that the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of elderly people (>60 years old) is higher than that of the 18-45 and 45-60 age groups, which may be related to their longer indoor exposure time and lower cleaning frequency due to their limited mobility. It is worth noting that in the college environment group (18-45 years old), although the exposure risk in this age group is lower than that of the sensitive population mentioned above, the related health risks cannot be ignored. In addition, it was found that the exposure risk of women in this group was slightly higher than that of men, which may be because women usually spend more time indoors and have a higher frequency of exposure. This study fills the gaps in the occurrence characteristics of FLCMs in indoor dust and population differentiated health risk assessment, providing comprehensive and detailed data support for the control and management of FLCMs pollution.

Key words: fluorinated liquid crystal monomers (FLCMs), full two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS), indoor dust, population differences, health risk assessment

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