色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 987-995.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.02007

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

水中有机磷酸二酯分析技术研究进展

陈杰1, 刘明亮2, 武璐3, 徐峰4, 吕晶3, 陈林海4, 李伟4, 符杰4,5,*(), 傅建捷4   

  1. 1.中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江 杭州 311122
    2.杭州市生态环境科学研究院,浙江 杭州 310014
    3.浙江环境监测工程有限公司,浙江 杭州 311100
    4.国科大杭州高等研究院环境学院,浙江 杭州 310024
    5.自然资源部第二海洋研究所海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-09-08 发布日期:2025-09-04
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(0571)86085087,E-mail:jiefu@ucas.ac.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金(22306040);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M744123);国科大杭州高等研究院专项资金(2023HIAS-Y019)

Advances in the development of analysis techniques for organophosphate diesters in water

CHEN Jie1, LIU Mingliang2, WU Lu3, XU Feng4, LYU Jing3, CHEN Linhai4, LI Wei4, FU Jie4,5,*(), FU Jianjie4   

  1. 1. PowerChina Huadong Engineering Co.,Ltd. ,Hangzhou 311122,China
    2. Hangzhou Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,Hangzhou 310014,China
    3. Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Engineering Co.,Ltd. ,Hangzhou 311100,China
    4. School of Environment,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China
    5. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China
  • Received:2025-02-21 Online:2025-09-08 Published:2025-09-04
  • Supported by:
    Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22306040);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M744123);Research Funds of Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS(2023HIAS-Y019)

摘要:

有机磷酸三酯(organophosphate triesters, tri-OPEs)是一类人工合成的磷酸衍生物,主要用作阻燃剂和增塑剂。由于大量生产和广泛使用,tri-OPEs目前已成为水环境中重要的污染组分。有机磷酸二酯(organophosphate diesters, di-OPEs)与tri-OPEs紧密相关,除了di-OPEs本身生产和使用导致的排放,tri-OPEs的转化也是环境中di-OPEs的重要来源。不同结构类型的di-OPEs存在较大的理化性质差异,导致在其检测分析方面存在提取效率低、色谱分离难、缺乏高灵敏定量分析方法等问题。最近,一些研究发现di-OPEs存在于工业/生活废水、地表水和饮用水中。一些di-OPEs在地表水和自来水中的浓度水平接近甚至高于对应的tri-OPEs,且部分di-OPEs表现出比对应tri-OPEs相对更高的毒性,使得水环境中di-OPEs的存在引起了广泛的关注和担忧。本文首先基于水中di-OPEs的研究现状,系统概述了常见di-OPEs的物理化学性质及其潜在来源;其次总结了固相萃取技术(SPE)在水中di-OPEs提取、富集和净化中的应用,分析了当前技术的优势和不足;进一步整理了反相色谱、离子对试剂-反相色谱和亲水色谱分离技术在di-OPEs色谱分离检测中的应用特征;同时总结了液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱和液相色谱-高分辨质谱在di-OPEs定量检测方面的研究进展;最后,在水体样品高效采集和对水中di-OPEs高通量前处理方面,提出了发展基于分散固相萃取原理的水体新污染物新型采样和现场富集技术的展望;另外,在对di-OPEs及tri-OPEs未知转化产物的分析检测方面提出了使用液相色谱-高分辨质谱进行高通量筛查和高灵敏检测的展望。

关键词: 有机磷酸二酯, 样品前处理, 固相萃取, 色谱分离, 质谱检测

Abstract:

Organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) are synthetic phosphate derivatives that are primarily used as flame retardants and plasticizers. Tri-OPEs have become significant aquatic contaminants owing to their large production volumes and wide range of applications. Organophosphate diesters (di-OPEs) are closely related to tri-OPEs. Aside from emissions resulting from the production and usage of di-OPEs themselves, tri-OPEs can become transformed into di-OPEs, which also provides a significant source of this environmental contaminant. The physicochemical properties of a di-OPE depend significantly on its structure, which provides challenges for their detection and analysis, including low extraction efficiencies, chromatographic separation difficulties, and a lack of highly sensitive quantitative methods for their analysis. An increasing number of studies have found that di-OPEs are present in industrial/domestic wastewater, surface water, and drinking water, with some concentrations in surface water and tap water close to or even higher than those of the corresponding tri-OPEs. Additionally, certain di-OPEs are somewhat more toxic than the corresponding tri-OPEs; hence, awareness that di-OPEs are present in aquatic environments has raised widespread concern. This review first systematically outlines the physicochemical properties of common di-OPEs and their potential sources based on previous research into di-OPEs in water matrices. In addition, the use of solid phase extraction (SPE) technology to extract, enrich, and purify di-OPEs from water matrices is summarized, while the advantages and limitations of SPE methodologies are critically evaluated. Furthermore, the use and distinctive features of reverse-phase chromatography, ion-pair reverse-phase chromatography, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) for the chromatographic separation of di-OPEs are comprehensively summarized and compared. At the same time, advances in the quantitative analysis of di-OPEs using liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) are reviewed. Finally, in terms of efficient collection of water samples and high-throughput pretreatment of di-OPEs in water matrices, the prospect of developing novel sampling and on-site enrichment technologies for new pollutants in water matrices based on the principle of dispersed solid phase extraction is proposed. Additionally, the prospect of using liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry for high-throughput screening and high-sensitivity detection of di-OPEs and unknown transformation products of tri-OPEs has been proposed.

Key words: organophosphate diester, sample pre-treatment, solid phase extraction (SPE), chromatographic separation, mass spectrometry detection

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