色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 815-822.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.05031

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用油中角鲨烯和氧化角鲨烯及角鲨烯热稳定性评价

肖庚鹏, 廖丹丹, 李桂生, 罗香, 袁璐*()   

  1. 江西省检验检测认证总院,检测认证技术发展研究院,江西 南昌 330029
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-31 出版日期:2025-07-08 发布日期:2025-07-04
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:(0791)88331971,E-mail:1731712716@qq.com.
  • 基金资助:
    江西省市场监督管理局科技项目(GSJK202125)

Determination of squalene and oxidized squalene in edible oil by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluation of the thermal stability of squalene

XIAO Gengpeng, LIAO Dandan, LI Guisheng, LUO Xiang, YUAN Lu*()   

  1. Development Research Institute of Testing and Certification Technology,Jiangxi General Institute of Testing and Certification,Nanchang 330029,China
  • Received:2024-05-31 Online:2025-07-08 Published:2025-07-04
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Projects of Jiangxi Provincial Administration for Market Regulation(GSJK202125)

摘要:

基于QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱建立了食用油中角鲨烯和氧化角鲨烯的含量测定方法。采用正己烷提取食用油样品,使用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶(PSA)与硅胶(CNW BOND Si)的混合吸附剂进行净化处理。通过TG-5ms色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)进行分离,并以角鲨烷作为内标物,在选择反应监测(SRM)模式下应用内标法进行定量分析。实验对色谱柱和吸附剂的选择分别进行了优化。在优化的实验条件下经方法学验证表明,角鲨烯和氧化角鲨烯分别在0.03~0.4 mg/L和0.29~3.80 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均≥0.992。角鲨烯和氧化角鲨烯的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)分别为0.4 mg/kg和4.0 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为1.2 mg/kg和12 mg/kg。在3种不同类型的食用油中分别进行加标回收试验,在低、中、高3个加标水平下,角鲨烯和氧化角鲨烯的回收率分别为81.9%~102.5%和89.4%~116.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)分别为3.5%~6.8%和3.2%~7.4%。该方法具有操作简便、稳定可靠、LOD低等优势,适用于食用油中角鲨烯和氧化角鲨烯的检测。利用该方法评价了花生油中角鲨烯的热稳定性,结果发现,当温度低于120 ℃时,角鲨烯未发生转化为氧化角鲨烯的现象;然而,当温度超过120 ℃后,角鲨烯的峰面积出现断崖式下降,且可明显检测到氧化角鲨烯的生成。利用该方法对菜籽油、花生油、大豆油和玉米油4类食用油进行检测,结果显示,所有样品均检出角鲨烯,而氧化角鲨烯未在任何样品中检出。该方法旨在为食用油的储存管理以及品质快速鉴别提供新的思路。

关键词: QuEChERS, 气相色谱-串联质谱, 角鲨烯, 氧化角鲨烯

Abstract:

The quality and safety of edible oils have frequently been compromised in recent years, seriously threatening consumer’s legitimate rights and health. Hence, establishing methods for determining the quality of edible oils based on their endogenous components is greatly significant. Squalene is widely present in various oils; hence, studying the thermal stability of squalene in edible oils is expected to provide a new storage-management model and a method for rapidly determining oil quality. A method for determining squalene and oxidized squalene in edible oils was established based on QuEChERS-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Edible oil samples were extracted by n-hexane and purified using a mixed adsorbent consisting of ethylenediamine-n-propyl silanized silica gel (PSA) and silica gel (CNW BOND Si). Separation was used a TG-5ms column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) and the squalene was used as an internal standard for quantitative analysis in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The chromatography column and adsorbent were judiciously optimized. Methodological verification revealed good linear relationships for squalene and oxidized squalene in the ranges of 0.03–0.4 and 0.29–3.80 mg/L, respectively, with correlation coefficients (r)≥0.992 under the optimized experimental conditions. Limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) of 0.4 and 4.0 mg/kg were obtained for squalene and oxidized squalene, respectively, with corresponding limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) of 1.2 and 12 mg/kg, respectively. Spiked recovery experiments were conducted at low, medium, and high spiked levels using three different oils, the average recoveries of squalene and oxidized squalene were 81.9%‒102.5% and 89.4%‒116.1%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) of 3.5%‒6.8% and 3.2%‒7.4%, respectively. The developed method has the advantages of operational simplicity, stability, reliability, low LODs, and is suitable for detecting squalene and oxidized squalene in edible oils. The developed method was used to evaluate the thermal stability of squalene in peanut oil. The results showed that when the temperature was lower than 120 ℃, squalene did not undergo the phenomenon of conversion to oxidized squalene. However, when the temperature exceeds 120 ℃, the peak area of squalene shows a cliff-like decline, and the formation of oxidized squalene can be clearly detected. This method was used to test rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil and corn oil. The results showed that squalene was detected in all samples, while oxidized squalene was not detected in any samples. This method aims to provide new ideas for the storage management and rapid quality identification of edible oil.

Key words: QuEChERS, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), squalene, oxidized squalene

中图分类号: