色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 78-91.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.06001

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高降解效率分子印迹光催化剂的制备及其选择性降解性能

张军杰1, 宋亚菲1, 刘艳1, 田雪蒙1,2,*(), 高瑞霞1,*()   

  1. 1.西安交通大学化学学院,陕西 西安 710049
    2.西安交通大学第二附属医院,陕西 西安 710114
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-02 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2026-01-14
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail:xuemengtian@xjtu.edu.cn(田雪蒙);E-mail:ruixiagao@xjtu.edu.cn(高瑞霞).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22374113)

Fabrication of high-degradation-efficiency molecularly imprinted photocatalysts and its selective degradation performance

ZHANG Junjie1, SONG Yafei1, LIU Yan1, TIAN Xuemeng1,2,*(), GAO Ruixia1,*()   

  1. 1.School of Chemistry,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China
    2.The Second Affiliated Hospital,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710114,China
  • Received:2025-06-02 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2026-01-14
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22374113)

摘要:

分子印迹光催化剂(MIPC)兼具分子识别选择性和光催化降解性能,在复杂环境中痕量污染物的选择性及深度去除方面展现出广阔的应用前景。然而,传统印迹层覆盖于光催化剂表面可能引发光屏蔽效应,进而导致MIPC光降解效率降低。针对这一问题,本工作提出异质界面原位印迹策略,通过将印迹空穴直接构筑于光催化剂/复合材料的界面处,有效规避表面覆盖层的不利影响,并促进光生载流子迁移,进而实现高选择性识别与高效光降解去除性能的协同提升。以偶氮类染料酸性橙为模板分子,BiOBr-Cu/聚吡咯复合材料为异质结体系,通过表面印迹技术,构建具有高降解效率的分子印迹光催化剂。采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射图、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、光致发光光谱等表征手段证明该材料成功制备,并进一步探究其吸附性能、降解性能、选择性降解性能及机理。所制备的材料不仅具有优异的可见光响应能力、快速的光生电子空穴分离效率,还具有高降解效率(比其他材料高出2.04~5.79倍)、良好的吸附容量(40.9 μmol/g)、快速的吸附速率(44.8 mg/(g·min))、良好的重复利用性(5个循环后,仍然能够达到初次降解率的90.7%)和优异的选择性(印迹因子达2.96,选择性降解参数大于1.79)。本工作为高降解效率分子印迹光催化材料的设计提供了新思路。

关键词: 分子印迹, 选择性去除, 聚吡咯, 溴氧化铋

Abstract:

Molecularly imprinted photocatalysts (MIPCs), which integrate specific molecular recognition with photocatalytic degradation capabilities, hold great promise for the selective and efficient removal of trace pollutants from complex environmental matrices. However, conventional surface-imprinting layers coated on photocatalysts often cause light-shielding effects, thereby reducing the photocatalytic efficiency of MIPCs. To overcome this limitation, the present study proposes a heterojunction-based interfacial in-situ imprinting strategy. In this approach, molecular imprinting cavities are directly constructed at the interface of composite photocatalysts. This design not only avoids the negative impact of surface shielding but also facilitates interfacial charge transfer, thus achieving a synergistic enhancement of both molecular recognition selectivity and photocatalytic efficiency. Based on this concept, a highly efficient molecularly imprinted photocatalyst, BiOBr-Cu/ppyr-MIPs, was successfully fabricated. The synthesis utilized surface molecular imprinting technology with the organic pollutant acid orange (AO) as the template molecule, and BiOBr-Cu/polypyrrole (ppyr) composite as the heterojunction matrix. Polypyrrole, introduced as a conductive polymer, served as the imprinting layer that promotes charge migration. The synthesis conditions, including monomer amount and polymerization time, were systematically optimized to maximize imprinting efficiency and photocatalytic performance. The obtained BiOBr-Cu/ppyr-MIPs were comprehensively characterized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a well-defined morphology with uniformly distributed imprinted layers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the introduction of the polypyrrole-based imprinting layer did not significantly alter the crystal structure of the BiOBr-Cu composite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed characteristic peaks attributable to the pyrrole ring, such as C-H in-plane bending, C-H stretching, and C=N stretching vibrations, indicating successful incorporation of the polypyrrole framework. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed the formation of the imprinted layer, with increased proportions of C-N and O=C bonding components observed in the C 1s and O 1s spectra, respectively. Optical and photoelectronic properties were also evaluated. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) revealed a significant red-shift and broader light absorption in the visible range, attributed to the presence of the polypyrrole layer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy demonstrated a marked decrease in emission intensity, indicating that the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs was effectively suppressed, which correlates with enhanced charge separation. Adsorption experiments indicated that BiOBr-Cu/ppyr-MIPs exhibited rapid adsorption kinetics, reaching equilibrium within 30 min and fitting a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 40.9 μmol/g, consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting a heterogeneous adsorption process with multilayer adsorption behavior. Photocatalytic degradation studies, optimized by adjusting catalyst dosage, initial pollutant concentration, and solution pH, showed a 2.04-5.79-fold enhancement in degradation efficiency compared to reference materials. The composite also exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining 90.7% of its initial performance after five consecutive cycles. Importantly, the material demonstrated strong molecular recognition capability, with an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.96 and a selectivity coefficient (Kselectivity) exceeding 1.79, indicating effective discrimination between the template molecule and structural analogs. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the interfacial polypyrrole imprinting layer not only contributed to selective adsorption but also facilitated targeted degradation pathways, thus achieving integrated selectivity and catalytic activity. In summary, this work introduces a novel interfacial in-situ imprinting strategy that overcomes key limitations of conventional MIPCs. The proposed design offers a generalizable approach for developing molecularly imprinted photocatalysts with both superior degradation efficiency and selectivity.

Key words: molecular imprinting, selective removal, polypyrrole, bismuth oxobromide

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