色谱

色谱 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 1136-1144.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.07015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童及青少年血清中多环芳烃浓度水平及健康风险评估

王立攀1, 邓志勇2, 施世宇1, 王华伟2, 刘康安1, 李想1, 张明烨1, 梅素容1,*()   

  1. 1.华中科技大学公共卫生学院环境医学研究所，教育部环境与健康重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430030
    2.武汉市洪山区疾病预防控制中心，湖北 武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-19 出版日期:2025-10-08 发布日期:2025-09-24
  • 通讯作者: *Tel：（027）83657849，E-mail：surongmei@hust.edu.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1605100)

Serum levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and health risk assessment among children and adolescents

WANG Lipan1, DENG Zhiyong2, SHI Shiyu1, WANG Huawei2, LIU Kang’an1, LI Xiang1, ZHANG Mingye1, MEI Surong1,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Environmental Medicine，School of Public Health，Huazhong University of Science and Technology，Key Laboratory of Environment & Health of Ministry of Education，Wuhan 430030，China
    2. Hongshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Wuhan 430070，China
  • Received:2025-07-19 Online:2025-10-08 Published:2025-09-24
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1605100)

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摘要：

多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类具有潜在致癌性的持久性有机污染物，广泛存在于空气、土壤和水体等环境介质中。儿童及青少年由于生理发育尚未成熟，对PAHs更为敏感，其体内PAHs的暴露状况及相关健康风险亟需深入研究。本研究以我国西部地区某市1 096名6~18岁儿童及青少年为研究对象，采用固相萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱技术（SPE-GC-MS/MS）同时测定血清中12种PAHs的浓度，并运用多元线性回归模型探究人口学特征、生活方式、社会经济因素和饮食习惯对血清中PAHs浓度的影响。根据血清中PAHs的浓度估算其每日总摄入量（TEDI），结合参考剂量（RfD）计算风险熵（HQ），以评估个体的非致癌健康风险；同时，通过计算苯并［a］芘当量（BaPeq）浓度进一步评估其致癌风险。结果表明，6种PAHs的检出率大于50%，依次为蒽（87.2%）、菲（76.3%）、芴（69.3%）、苊（62.1%）、芘（54.3%）和苊烯（53.7%），其中含量最高的是菲，中位数质量浓度为3.03 ng/mL。年龄与这6种PAHs浓度均呈正相关；超重及肥胖者的苊烯和苊浓度较低；母亲教育水平越高，子女血清PAHs浓度越低；蔬菜摄入可增大苊浓度，而牛奶摄入可减小苊、苊烯和菲浓度；饮用桶装水与蒽和菲浓度升高相关。风险评估显示，芘的HQ均小于1，提示芘的非致癌风险较低；蒽和菲贡献了约85%的总BaPeq浓度，是主要的致癌风险单体。综上所述，该地区儿童及青少年普遍暴露于PAHs，年龄、体重质量指数（BMI）、母亲教育水平和饮食可能是影响血清中PAHs浓度的主要因素。本研究所纳入人群非致癌风险总体较低，蒽和菲是最具致癌潜力的单体，未来应加强对儿童及青少年PAHs长期低剂量暴露的监测与健康干预。

关键词: 气相色谱-串联质谱, 多环芳烃, 血清, 儿童, 青少年, 暴露特征, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are a class of persistent organic pollutants that are widely present in various environmental media such as air， soil， and water. They are highly environmentally stable and are mainly derived from combustion processes and industrial emissions. Although numerous studies have shown that PAHs are carcinogenic， mutagenic， and neurotoxic， their exposure levels and associated health risks in specific populations require further study. Children and adolescents are in a critical stage of growth and development， with immature physiological and immune systems， making them more sensitive to PAHs than adults. Hence， their internal exposure levels to PAHs and the associated health risks warrant particular attention. However， most of the existing studies have focused on adults， and there are relatively few studies on PAHs exposure in children and adolescents. Therefore， a total of 1 096 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in a city located in western China were investigated. The concentrations of 12 PAHs in serum samples were simultaneously determined by solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （SPE-GC-MS/MS）， and the effects of demographic characteristics， lifestyles， socioeconomic factors， and dietary habits on the concentrations of PAHs in serum were investigated using multiple linear regression models. The total estimated daily intake （TEDI） of PAHs was calculated based on their serum concentrations， and the hazard quotient （HQ） was derived using the reference dose （RfD） to evaluate non-carcinogenic health risk. Meanwhile， carcinogenic risk was evaluated based on the benzo［a］pyrene equivalent （BaPeq） concentrations. The results showed that six PAHs were detected in the serum of more than 50% of children and adolescents， in descending order， with anthracene （Ant） （87.2%）， phenanthrene （Phe） （76.3%）， fluorene （Flu） （69.3%）， acenaphthene （Acp） （62.1%）， pyrene （Pyr） （54.3%）， and acenaphthylene （AcPy） （53.7%）. Phe showed the highest median mass concentration of 3.03 ng/mL. Age was positively associated with serum concentrations of all six PAHs （AcPy： β=0.097， 95% CI： 0.033–0.160； Acp： β=0.103， 95% CI： 0.032–0.174； Ant： β=0.056， 95% CI： 0.016–0.097； Flu： β=0.085， 95% CI： 0.009–0.162； Phe： β=0.098， 95% CI： 0.029–0.167； Pyr： β=0.136， 95% CI： 0.078–0.195）； overweight and obese participants exhibited lower levels of AcPy （β=–0.538， 95% CI： –1.022– –0.053） and Acp （β=–0.566， 95% CI： –1.104– –0.028）； lower PAHs levels were also found in children and adolescents from families with higher maternal education； higher frequency of vegetable intake was positively associated with Acp （β=0.088， 95% CI： 0.012–0.165）， while higher milk intake was inversely associated with AcPy （β=–0.072， 95% CI： –0.145– –0.000）， Acp （β=–0.087， 95% CI： –0.167– –0.007） and Phe （β=–0.095， 95% CI： –0.173– –0.017）； the use of water cooler jug was positively linked to serum levels of Ant （β=0.462， 95% CI： 0.149–0.774） and Phe （β=0.898， 95% CI： 0.367–1.428）. HQ values for Pyr were all less than 1， indicating that the level of Pyr exposure in the serum is insufficient to pose a significant non-carcinogenic health risk. The carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that Ant and Phe were the major individual compounds contributing to the carcinogenic risk posed by PAHs exposure in children and adolescents， accounting for 85% of the total BaPeq concentration. In summary， exposure to PAHs is common among children and adolescents in this region. Age， body mass index （BMI）， maternal education level， and diet may be the main factors influencing serum PAHs concentrations. The overall non-carcinogenic risk among the studied population was low， and Ant and Phe were identified as the individual compounds with the greatest carcinogenic potential. These findings highlight the need for strengthened monitoring and targeted health interventions regarding long-term， low-dose PAHs exposure in children and adolescents.

Key words: gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAHs）, serum, children, adolescents, exposure profile, health risk assessment

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