色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1150-1161.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.01025

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

光响应金属-有机骨架结构特征与吸附分离性能动态调控

刘莉萌1, 解文哲1, 曲艳莹2, 蔡天培1, 李东浩1,2,*(), 商海波1,2,*()   

  1. 1.延边大学理学院化学系,吉林 延吉133002
    2.长白山天然药物研究教育部重点实验室(延边大学),吉林 延吉133002
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-28 出版日期:2026-10-08 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:0433-2436452,E-mail:dhli@ybu.edu.cn(李东浩); Tel:0433-2436452,E-mail:hbshang@ybu.edu.cn(商海波)
  • 作者简介:第一联系人:共同第一作者.
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科学技术厅科技发展计划项目-自由探索一般项目(YDZJ202301ZYTS301);吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目-一般项目(JJKH20250401KJ)

Structural features and regulation of adsorption/separation properties of photoresponsive metal-organic frameworks

LIU Limeng1, XIE Wenzhe1, QU Yanying2, CAI Tianpei1, LI Donghao1,2,*(), SHANG Haibo1,2,*()   

  1. 1.Department of Chemistry,College of Science,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,China
    2.MOE Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,China
  • Received:2026-01-28 Online:2026-10-08 Published:2026-10-13
  • Supported by:
    Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China(YDZJ202301ZYTS301);Education Department of Jilin Province of China(JJKH20250401KJ)

摘要:

光响应金属-有机骨架(photoresponsive metal-organic frameworks, PMOFs)是将光敏分子引入金属-有机骨架(MOFs)构建而成的一类智能材料,其兼具MOFs自身优越的孔结构与光致异构性能动态调控特性,在精准调控吸附分离行为、吸附剂绿色节能回收应用中展现出独特的优势,受到广泛关注。本文综述了常见光敏分子的种类和性质,包括偶氮苯类、螺吡喃类、二芳基乙烯类、螺噁嗪类、俘精酸酐类、席夫碱类,以及3种光敏基团/分子与MOFs的构建方式,如骨架接入型、侧基接入型和客体嵌入型。通过总结分析不同光敏基团异构化性质差异与PMOFs的结构特征,介绍了光致异构对MOFs性质的多维度调控,如孔道尺寸、表面性质、骨架形状等。结合典型应用研究案例,从构-效视角探讨PMOFs在小分子气体、金属离子、染料吸附分离应用中的调控模式与应用潜力。最后,本文对PMOFs面临的核心问题进行了总结,借以同研究者讨论并推动PMOFs多维度的探索和发展。

关键词: 光响应金属-有机骨架, 光敏分子, 光致异构, 吸附, 分离, 综述

Abstract:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive porous materials with periodic network structures, which are constructed via the self-assembly of metal ions (or metal clusters) and bridging organic ligands. MOFs have some unique advantages of designability, ordered pore structure, high specific surface area and modifiability. Photoisomerization refers to the phenomenon in which, under light of specific wavelengths, the molecular structures of certain compounds undergo reversible interconversion due to photoexcitation. Both isomeric forms can exist stably under certain conditions and exhibit distinct chemical and physical properties. On this basis, photoresponsive MOFs (PMOFs) are proposed as a class of smart materials constructed by integrating photoactive molecules into MOFs. PMOFs combine the inherent superior porous structure of MOFs with the dynamic tunability enabled by photo-induced isomerization and exhibit unique advantages in many fields, including catalysis, drug release, separation, anti-counterfeiting, etc. PMOFs, for instance, can precisely regulate adsorption/separation behaviors and enable green, energy-efficient recovery of adsorbents under photoinduction, which has attracted widespread attention. This review summarizes common types and properties of photoactive molecules, including azobenzene, spiropyran, diarylethene, spirooxazine, fulgide, Schiff base, etc., as well as three main integration strategies of photosensitive units/molecules with MOFs frameworks. Backbone incorporation involves using the entire photoactive organic molecule as an organic ligand within the MOF framework. For side-group grafting, the photoactive moiety is attached as a side group or through post-synthetic modification of the organic ligand, effectively grafting it onto the MOF backbone. Guest encapsulation is referred to embedding photoactive molecules as independent guest species within the cavities or pores of the MOF. By analyzing the differences in isomerization of various photoactive groups and the structural features of different integration modes, the multidimensional modulations of MOF are illustrated in pore size, surface properties, host-guest interaction, “hiding” and “exposure” of adsorption active sites, and framework geometry via photoisomerization. Furthermore, from a structure-performance perspective and with representative case studies, this review discusses the regulatory mechanisms and application potential of PMOFs in the adsorption and separation of small-molecule gases, metal ions, and organic dyes. The key limitation of PMOFs lies in whether the MOF framework is robust enough to tolerate the molecular mechanical forces produced by photoswitch configurational rearrangements. The cyclic photo‑switching performance of PMOFs is often unsatisfactory, which is primarily attributed to the molecular mechanical forces generated during repeated photoisomerization, which may cause local microscopic distortion, phase transitions, or even framework collapse in MOFs. In addition, the photo‑response efficiency of PMOFs is inadequate, which is obviously lower than photosensitive molecules in solution. This is likely due to limited optical penetration depth, steric hindrance within the pores, and framework‑induced quenching of the excited‑state configuration. The above challenges are summarized in this paper, with the aim of facilitating discussions among researchers and promoting their multidimensional exploration and development.

Key words: photoresponsive metal-organic frameworks, photosensitive molecules, photoisomerization, adsorption, separation, review

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