有序多孔材料在色谱分离分析领域的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.05032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 色谱作为一种高效率、高选择性的分离技术,拥有广阔的应用范围和发展前景。色谱柱的固定相是色谱技术中最核心的组成部分。研发具备高分辨分离性能的先进固定相材料,一直是该领域的研究热点。有序多孔材料（OPM）凭借其孔径的精确可控性和孔隙结构的规整排列,能够精确筛分不同尺寸和形状的分子,同时减少分子在流动路径中的无序扩散,从而克服了传统色谱材料在分离精度上的限制,有效解决了科研和工业领域在原料及产物纯化方面所面临的难题。过去的几十年间,科研人员已成功开发出多种新型OPM,这些材料被用作色谱柱的固定相基质,实现了对同系物、异构体和同位素等性质相近物质的高效且快速的分离。本文首先从理论层面阐述了有序多孔结构对色谱分离柱效率及分离度的影响,为OPM在色谱固定相中的应用提供了理论支撑。接着,文章综述了包括金属有机框架(MOF)、共价有机框架(COF)、多孔有机笼(POC)、介孔二氧化硅、嵌段共聚物(BCP)组装材料以及高内相乳液聚合物(PolyHIPE)在内的多种类型OPM在色谱分离分析领域的研究进展。最后,文章探讨了当前色谱OPM所面临的挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 有序多孔材料, 色谱分离分析, 框架材料, 自组装, 聚合物, 综述

Abstract: Chromatography, a highly efficient and selective separation technology, is broadly applicable and exhibits a range of developmental prospects. The stationary phase of a chromatography column is the most important component of chromatography; hence, the development of advanced stationary-phase materials that exhibit highly resolved separation performance is a continuing research hotspot in this field. In this regard, ordered porous materials (OPMs) are advantageous owing to their precisely controllable pore sizes, morphologies, and regularly arranged pore structures, which are capable of accurately sieving molecules of different sizes and shapes, and reducing disordered molecular diffusion in the flow path. Such materials overcome the limitation of separation accuracy of traditional chromatographic materials, and effectively solve the problems faced by scientific research and industry in the purification of raw materials and products. Over the past few decades, a variety of new OPMs have been developed and used as stationary-phase matrices in chromatography columns. These materials have efficiently and rapidly separated homologues, isomers, isotopes, and other substances with similar properties, and have delivered excellent chromatographic separation and analysis results. In this review, we first discuss the influence of ordered porous structures on column efficiency and resolution during chromatographic separation from a theoretical perspective, which provides a basis for the use of OPMs as stationary phases in chromatography. This review then summarizes research progress on several different OPM types for use in chromatographic separation and analysis applications, including metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous organic cages (POCs), mesoporous silica materials, block copolymer assemblies, and high internal-phase emulsion polymers (PolyHIPEs). The review concludes by discussing current challenges faced by chromatographic OPMs as well as directions for future development.

Key words: ordered porous materials (OPMs), chromatography separation and analysis, framework materials, self-assembly, polymer, review

王朝旭, 王端达, 王树涛, 宋永杨. 有序多孔材料在色谱分离分析领域的应用[J]. 色谱, DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.05032.

WANG Zhaoxu, WANG Duanda, WANG Shutao, SONG Yongyang. Applications of ordered porous materials in chromatography separation and analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.05032.

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