色谱

色谱

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聚酰胺-胺树状大分子功能化离子型分离介质研究进展

周鼎1, 郭丹丹2,*, 朱岩3,*   

  1. 1.宁波卫生职业技术学院,浙江 宁波 315000;
    2.宁波大学新药技术研究院,浙江 宁波 315211;
    3.浙江大学化学系,浙江 杭州 310028
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-16
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail:guodandan@nbu.edu.cn（郭丹丹）;E-mail: zhuyan@zju.edu.cn（朱岩）.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（21974121）.

Research progress in functional ionic separation media of polyamide-amine dendrimer

ZHOU Ding1, GUO Dandan2,*, ZHU Yan3,*   

  1. 1. Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China;
    2. Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
    3. Deparment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
  • Received:2024-06-16
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 21974121).

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摘要： 树状大分子作为一种拥有独特树形结构的新型功能高分子材料,正逐渐被应用于色谱前处理材料的制备以及色谱固定相填料的修饰中。其中,聚酰胺-胺（PAMAM）树状大分子因其广泛的使用和显著的特性,成为了该领域内备受关注的材料之一。在制备与修饰PAMAM功能化分离材料的过程中,PAMAM树状大分子所含的大量功能化末端基团为分离材料表面带来了丰富的相互作用位点;PAMAM树状大分子的超支化结构使得在有限的基质表面上能实现更高的接枝效率;同时,PAMAM树状大分子可控的树状结构有效调控了分离材料表面的结构。特别是整数代的PAMAM树状大分子,其末端氨基官能团经过质子化或季铵化修饰后,会带上高密度正电荷,从而与带负电荷的阴离子物质产生良好的静电相互作用,展现出对带电物质良好的富集与分离性能。本文基于整数代PAMAM树状大分子的结构特点,从离子相互作用机理出发,总结了经过质子化或季铵化修饰的PAMAM树状大分子在离子型吸附剂及离子色谱固定相填料制备领域的研究进展。同时,对这类材料未来的发展潜力及应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 聚酰胺-胺, 树状大分子, 离子相互作用, 色谱固定相, 吸附剂, 综述

Abstract: Dendrimers are novel functional polymers with three-dimensional tree-like spatial structures that have been widely used in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical applications, and as functional materials owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. Recent years have witnessed the gradual use of dendrimers to prepare and modify various separation materials, including adsorbents and chromatographic stationary phases. Polyamide-amine (PAMAM) has become one of the most widely used dendritic materials because it is simple to prepare, inexpensive, hypotoxic, and has excellent performance characteristics. PAMAM is advantageous as a modification material for adsorbents and chromatographic stationary phases compared to other traditional materials. Firstly, the large number of terminal groups on a PAMAM dendrimer provide abundant interaction sites on the surface of the functional matrix, which is beneficial for delivering superior adsorption capacity and separation selectivity. In addition, the hyperbranched structure of a PAMAM dendrimer facilitates higher grafting efficiency on the limited surface area of the matrix while simultaneously improving the uniformity of the functional groups grafted on the surface. Moreover, the controllable structure of PAMAM dendrimer effectively regulates the surface structure of separated materials. Finally, the good biocompatibility of PAMAM endows the modified material with excellent applications prospects for the separation of bioactive substances in the biomedical field. Moreover, the terminal amino functional groups across the various generations of PAMAM dendrimer are capable of carrying a high density of positive charges following protonation or quaternization, thereby facilitating good electrostatic interactions with negatively charged anionic substances that lead to excellent enrichment and separation effects. Based on the structural characteristics of integer generation PAMAM dendrimer and the mechanism of ionic interaction, the research progress of protonated or quaternized PAMAM dendrimer in the preparation of ionic adsorbents and ion chromatography stationary phases was summarized in this paper. Their future development potential and applications prospects are also discussed.

Key words: polyamide-amine (PAMAM), dendrimer, ionic interaction, chromatographic stationary phase, adsorbent, review