Abstract:

Gravitational field-flow fractionation is the simplest field-flow fractionation technique in terms of principle and operation. The earth's gravity is its external field. Different sized particles are injected into a thin channel and carried by carrier fluid. The different velocities of the carrier liquid in different places results in a size-based separation. A gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF) instrument was designed and constructed. Two kinds of polystyrene (PS) particles with different sizes (20 μ m and 6 μ m) were chosen as model particles. In this work, the separation of the sample was achieved by changing the concentration of NaN₃, the percentage of mixed surfactant in the carrier liquid and the flow rate of carrier liquid. Six levels were set for each factor. The effects of these three factors on the retention ratio (R) and plate height (H) of the PS particles were investigated. It was found that R increased and H decreased with increasing particle size. On the other hand, the R and H increased with increasing flow rate. The R and H also increased with increasing NaN₃ concentration. The reason was that the electrostatic repulsive force between the particles and the glass channel wall increased. The force allowed the samples approach closer to the channel wall. The results showed that the resolution and retention time can be improved by adjusting the experimental conditions. These results can provide important values to the further applications of GrFFF technique.

Key words: carrier liquid, field-flow fractionation (FFF), flow rate, gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF), plate height, polystyrene (PS) particles, retention ratio