色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1129-1149.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.01015

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

金属有机框架及其复合材料在固相(微)萃取技术中的研究进展

张震2, 王雪梅1,2,*(), 张新中3, 杜新贞1,2, 卢小泉1,2   

  1. 1.高原交汇区水资源安全与水环境保护教育部重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.西北师范大学 化学化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.西北师范大学分析测试中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-10-08 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 通讯作者: *Tel:0931-7970806,E-mail:wangxuemei@nwnu.edu.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22266031);甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目(2025CYZC-007);山东省肿瘤成像装备研制及诊疗一体化技术重点实验室开放性课题(2025SHFXTD004)

Research progress of metal-organic frameworks and their composite materials in solid-phase (micro)extraction techniques

ZHANG Zhen2, WANG Xuemei1,2,*(), ZHANG Xinzhong3, DU Xinzhen1,2, LU Xiaoquan1,2   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    3.Instrumental Analysis Center,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2026-01-26 Online:2026-10-08 Published:2026-10-13
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22266031);Support Plan for College Industry of Gansu Province, China(2025CYZC-007);Open Project of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Tumor Imaging Equipment Development and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment Integration Technology, China(2025SHFXTD004)

摘要:

样品前处理是仪器分析的核心环节,其目的是浓缩痕量组分、消除基质干扰、提高检测灵敏度并保护分析仪器,是复杂环境样品分析检测的关键步骤。以固相(微)萃取为代表的现代样品前处理技术具有快速、自动化、无溶剂或少溶剂的优点,大幅提升了分析效率。固相(微)萃取技术的核心是吸附剂,其性能直接影响分析结果的准确度。金属有机框架(MOFs)因其超高的比表面积、可修饰的孔道、纳米尺寸的孔隙环境以及优异的物理化学性质,在吸附分离领域展现出显著优势。此外,以MOFs为基础,通过功能组分的定向复合与空间结构的精准设计制备的MOFs复合材料实现了在吸附容量、传质效率、选择性、稳定性以及独特界面行为等方面的独特优势,使得MOFs及其复合材料能够应对复杂样品前处理中面临的多重挑战。本文总结了近年来MOFs及其复合材料在固相(微)萃取(固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、膜萃取、移液器尖端固相萃取、膜保护固相萃取、纤维固相微萃取和管内固相微萃取)技术中的研究进展。从吸附材料的制备和应用两方面综述了不同MOFs及其复合材料在样品前处理中的应用进展,总结了各类前处理技术的优势与局限性。其次,对多种固相(微)萃取技术的发展方向进行了展望,以期通过吸附材料和技术方法的创新推动样品前处理技术向在线、高通量、自动化方向发展,加速其在环境监测、生物医学及现场快检等领域的应用,实现从实验室到现场分析工具的转变。

关键词: 金属有机框架, 复合材料, 固相(微)萃取, 综述

Abstract:

Sample pretreatment is the core stage of instrumental analysis. It serves to concentrate trace components, eliminate matrix interference, enhance detection sensitivity, and protect analytical instruments. It is a key step in the analysis and detection of complex environmental samples. Modern sample pretreatment techniques, such as solid-phase (micro)extraction, have the advantages of rapidity, automation, and no or minimal solvent usage, significantly improving the analysis efficiency. The core of solid-phase (micro)extraction technology is the adsorbent material, whose performance directly affects the accuracy of the analysis results. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit significant advantages in the field of adsorption and separation due to their exceptionally high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, nanoscale pore environments, and excellent physicochemical stability. Furthermore, building on MOFs as a foundational platform, researchers have developed different strategies for the controlled incorporation of functional components and the precise design of composite architectures. These strategies have enabled the development of MOFs and their composites. These materials allow for targeted enhancement and control over adsorption capacity, mass transfer efficiency, selectivity, stability, and unique interfacial behaviors. As a result, MOFs and their composites are well-suited to address the multifaceted challenges encountered in complex sample preparation. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of MOFs and their composites within solid-phase (micro)extraction techniques. These techniques include solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE), magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), membrane extraction (ME), pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE), membrane-protected solid-phase extraction (MP-SPE), fiber solid-phase microextraction (Fiber-SPME), and in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME). From the dual perspectives of adsorbent material applications and methodological development, the review highlights the advantages of MOF-based composites with varied compositions and structures across different sample preparation approaches. It further summarizes the methodological strengths and specific limitations associated with each pretreatment technique. With the expanding application scope of the techniques-particularly in environmental, food, and biomedical fields, increasing demands are being placed on the green synthesis, biocompatibility, and safety of MOFs and their composites. This trend is driving the development of MOFs and related composites toward integrated functionality, environmentally friendly preparation, and application-specific adaptability. From current trends, the design philosophy of transforming powdered materials into monolithic structures represents a significant direction in the development of sample preparation technologies. Both directly and indirectly prepared monolithic materials, as well as those integrated into monolithic devices, retain the performance advantages of powdered adsorbents while offering improved recoverability, portability, and operational convenience. Building on this foundation, techniques such as fiber-SPME and IT-SPME are further advancing toward miniaturization, downsizing, high-throughput operation, and automation. This progress aims to enhance the efficiency of sample preparation and analytical detection. Finally, the future development directions of various currently developed solid-phase (micro)extraction techniques are discussed. The aim is to advance sample preparation technology toward online, high-throughput, and automated systems through comprehensive innovation in adsorbent materials and technical methodologies. Such progress is expected to accelerate the practical application of these techniques in fields such as environmental monitoring, biomedical analysis, and on-site rapid testing. In conclusion, this evolution will ultimately facilitate the transition from laboratory methods to reliable analytical tools.

Key words: metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), composite materials, solid-phase (micro)extraction, review

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