色谱 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1212-1222.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.01017

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

[2+4]型手性多孔有机笼Pim高效液相色谱固定相的制备及其手性拆分性能评价

陈春, 巩亚楠, 王帮进, 谢生明, 章俊辉*(), 袁黎明*()   

  1. 云南师范大学化学化工学院,云南省现代分离分析与物质转化重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-10-08 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail:zjh19861202@126.com(章俊辉); E-mail:yuan_limingpd@126.com(袁黎明).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(22564021);国家自然科学基金项目(22364022);国家自然科学基金项目(22174125)

Preparation and chiral separation performance evaluation of a high performance liquid chromatography stationary phase based on a [2+4]-type chiral porous organic cage Pim

CHEN Chun, GONG Yanan, WANG Bangjin, XIE Shengming, ZHANG Junhui*(), YUAN Liming*()   

  1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Analysis and Substance Transformation,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China
  • Received:2026-01-22 Online:2026-10-08 Published:2026-10-13
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22564021);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22364022);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174125)

摘要:

多孔有机笼(POCs)是一类由分立的三维笼状分子通过分子间作用组装形成的新型多孔材料,具有良好的溶解性和独特的多孔结构,在气体吸附、分子识别、分离、催化、传感等领域展现出良好的应用前景。本文以酚酞为底物,三氟乙酸和六次甲基四胺为甲酰化试剂,由Duff反应合成了基于酚酞的四醛基化合物,再与(1R,2R)-(-)-1,2-环己二胺通过亚胺缩合反应合成了一种基于酚酞的[2+4]型手性亚胺多孔有机笼(Pim, C72H68N8O8)。将合成的Pim用5-溴-1-戊烯修饰烯基功能化后与巯基硅胶通过巯基-烯点击反应制得了一种新型高效液相色谱(HPLC)手性固定相(CSP),并评价了其在正相高效液相色谱(NP-HPLC)和反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分离模式下的手性拆分性能。结果表明,该CSP填充的Pim柱在NP-HPLC和RP-HPLC分离模式下均表现出良好的手性分离性能。其中,在NP-HPLC分离模式下成功拆分了10种外消旋体,在RP-HPLC分离模式下成功拆分了9种外消旋体。所制备的Pim柱与两种广泛使用的Chiralpak AD-H和Chiralcel OD-H商品柱具有良好的手性拆分互补性,能拆分这两种商品柱不能拆分或拆分效果不理想的一些手性化合物。此外,所制备的Pim柱还具有良好的分离重复性和稳定性。历经数百次进样使用后,其对外消旋体拆分的保留时间和分离度与柱使用之初相比无明显变化,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)分别≤1.50%和≤1.92%;在柱放置保存1个月后,其分离效果与柱使用之初的分离效果也无显著改变,保留时间和分离度的RSD(n=3)分别≤1.88%和≤2.26%。本研究证明手性POC Pim是一种良好的HPLC手性分离材料,为基于POCs的新型HPLC手性固定相的开发提供了重要的理论与实验依据,也对拓展POCs类CSPs具有重要意义。

关键词: 高效液相色谱, 手性固定相, 对映体分离, 手性多孔有机笼

Abstract:

Porous organic cages (POCs) represent a class of emerging porous materials assembled from discrete three-dimensional cage-like molecules via intermolecular interactions. Owing to their good solubility and unique pore structures, they show great potential in gas adsorption, molecular recognition, separation, catalysis, and sensing. In this study, a phenolphthalein-based tetraaldehyde compound was synthesized via the Duff reaction using phenolphthalein as the substrate and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) combined with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as the formylation reagent. Subsequently, a [2+4]-type chiral imine POC, Pim (C72H68N8O8), was constructed by reacting the tetraaldehyde precursor with (1R,2R)-(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane via imine condensation. The synthesized Pim was functionalized with alkenyl groups using 5-bromo-1-pentene and then immobilized onto thiol-modified silica via thiol-ene click chemistry to afford a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The successful syntheses of tetraaldehyde compound, Pim, and CSP were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis (EA). The chiral separation performance of this CSP was evaluated under both normal-phase (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) HPLC separation modes. The results demonstrated that the CSP exhibits excellent chiral separation capabilities in both two separation modes. Under NP-HPLC conditions, ten racemates were resolved, including five with baseline separation. Under RP-HPLC conditions, nine racemates were resolved, of which eight achieved baseline separation. Furthermore, this CSP exhibits good chiral separation complementarity with two widely used commercial columns, Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H, showing the ability to resolve some chiral compounds that cannot be resolved or are poorly resolved by the two commercial columns. The effects of analyte injection mass and column temperature on chiral separation performance of the column were also investigated. Additionally, the prepared HPLC column exhibits good repeatability and stability. After hundreds of injections, no significant changes were observed in the retention times and resolutions compared to its initial performance, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=5) of ≤1.50% and ≤1.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, after the column was placed and stored for one month, its separation performance showed no significant change compared with that at the initial stage of column use, and the RSDs (n=3) of retention time and resolution were ≤1.88% and ≤2.26%, respectively. This study confirms that the chiral POC Pim is a promising material for HPLC chiral separation, providing significant theoretical and experimental support for the development of novel POC-based CSPs and holding great significance for expanding the POC-based CSPs.

Key words: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chiral stationary phase (CSP), enantioseparation, chiral porous organic cage

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