Chinese Journal of Chromatography ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 486-495.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.10029
• Teaching Research • Previous Articles
DUAN Jinwei1,2,*(
), MA Lei1, ZHAO Qian2, WU Qianqian2, XIN Boyu3, YANG Jiahua3, LI Yao4, WANG Qizhao5,*(
)
Received:2025-10-31
Online:2026-04-08
Published:2026-04-13
Supported by:CLC Number:
DUAN Jinwei, MA Lei, ZHAO Qian, WU Qianqian, XIN Boyu, YANG Jiahua, LI Yao, WANG Qizhao. Binary encryption comprehensive experiment based on agarose gel electrophoresis[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2026, 44(4): 486-495.
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URL: https://www.chrom-china.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.10029
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of binary encryption based on an ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protected deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanoswitch RNase: ribonuclease A.
Fig. 2 Schematic diagrams of digital encryption and decryptiona. schematic diagram of the binary encoding of digits 0-9; b. encryption of the password 349682 with an RNA protection strand; c. addition of ribonuclease A for decrypting and reading the digital password 349682.
| Step | Added | PCR tubes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||
| Step 1 | diluted nanoswitch/μL | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 40 | 40 |
| R0/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | ||
| 10×PBS/μL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | |
| MgCl2/μL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | |
| ultrapure water/μL | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 20 | |
| Total/μL | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 80 | 80 | |
| Step 2 | T1/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| T2/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| T3/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| T4/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Step 3 | RNase A/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||
| Step 4 | incubate at 25 ℃ for 30 min to enable complete hybridization of T x and D0 | ||||||||||||
Table 1 Experimental scheme for verifying the mechanism of RNA regulation
| Step | Added | PCR tubes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||
| Step 1 | diluted nanoswitch/μL | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 40 | 40 |
| R0/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | ||
| 10×PBS/μL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | |
| MgCl2/μL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | |
| ultrapure water/μL | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 20 | |
| Total/μL | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 80 | 80 | |
| Step 2 | T1/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| T2/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| T3/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| T4/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Step 3 | RNase A/μL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||
| Step 4 | incubate at 25 ℃ for 30 min to enable complete hybridization of T x and D0 | ||||||||||||
| Step | Added | PCR tubes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Step 1 | diluted nanoswitch/µL | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| R0/µL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 10× PBS/µL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| MgCl2/µL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| ultrapure water/µL | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
| Step 2 | T1/µL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Step 3 | RNase A/µL | 1 | ||||
| RNase H/µL | 1 | |||||
| DNase I/µL | 1 | |||||
| Proteinase K/µL | 1 | |||||
| Step 4 | incubate at 25 ℃ for 30 min to enable complete hybridization of T x and D0 | |||||
Table 2 Experiment of non-specific enzyme attack test
| Step | Added | PCR tubes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Step 1 | diluted nanoswitch/µL | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| R0/µL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 10× PBS/µL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| MgCl2/µL | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| ultrapure water/µL | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
| Step 2 | T1/µL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Step 3 | RNase A/µL | 1 | ||||
| RNase H/µL | 1 | |||||
| DNase I/µL | 1 | |||||
| Proteinase K/µL | 1 | |||||
| Step 4 | incubate at 25 ℃ for 30 min to enable complete hybridization of T x and D0 | |||||
Fig. 3 Preparation and verification of DNA nanoswitchesa. Lane 1: circular M13mp18 DNA; Lane 2: linear M13mp18 DNA; Lanes 3-7: linear nanoswitches in tubes of A, B, C, D, and E in sequence. b. Lanes 1-4: nanoswitches Loop 1, Loop 2, Loop 3, and Loop 4 in sequence; Lane 5: a mixed sample of Loop 1-4.
Fig. 4 Verification of the RNA regulation mechanismLane 1: linear DNA nanoswitch (control); Lane 2: D0 was protected by R0; Lanes 3, 5, 7, 9, 11: R0?protected D0 prevented the formation of Loops 1-4; Lanes 4, 6, 8, 10, 12: after RNase A?mediated deprotection of D0, the corresponding loops were formed.
Fig. 6 Schematic diagrams illustrating the information encryption and decryption results for students A, B, and CLeft: preset information map; Middle: R0-protected encrypted information gel image; right: RNase A-deprotected decrypted information gel image.
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