Chinese Journal of Chromatography ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1049-1063.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.03041
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LIU Tingting1,2, WANG Qi1, YE Hanzhang1, KONG Jia1, LI Yuhao1, GU Jingjing1, DING Yongli1, ZHANG Zhan’en1, WANG Xuedong1,*()
Received:
2022-03-29
Online:
2022-12-08
Published:
2022-11-29
Contact:
WANG Xuedong
Supported by:
CLC Number:
LIU Tingting, WANG Qi, YE Hanzhang, KONG Jia, LI Yuhao, GU Jingjing, DING Yongli, ZHANG Zhan’en, WANG Xuedong. Adsorption characteristics of six bisphenol compounds on magnetic three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials and their use in effervescent reaction-assisted dispersive microextraction[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2022, 40(12): 1049-1063.
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URL: https://www.chrom-china.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.03041
Fig. 2 (a) X-ray diffraction patterns, (b) FT-IR spectra, (c) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and distribution of pore diameters (inset), and (d) magnetization curves of the CoNi@NGC nanocomposites before and after biphenol (BP) adsorption
Target | Langmuir | Freundlich | D-R | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | Qm | R2 | K | 1/n | R2 | Qm | E | R2 | |||
BPF | 0.31 | 243.9 | 0.867 | 49.57 | 0.788 | 0.886 | 142.49 | 2.102 | 0.929 | ||
BPZ | 0.25 | 666.7 | 0.703 | 128.97 | 0.902 | 0.980 | 255.78 | 2.704 | 0.976 | ||
BPA | 1.21 | 344.8 | 0.817 | 182.05 | 0.733 | 0.922 | 222.05 | 3.522 | 0.970 | ||
BPB | 0.03 | 2000 | 0.405 | 55.53 | 0.982 | 0.998 | 144.25 | 2.072 | 0.898 | ||
BPAP | 0.11 | 769.2 | 0.701 | 71.86 | 0.936 | 0.959 | 158.02 | 2.250 | 0.945 | ||
BPM | 0.12 | 588.2 | 0.596 | 316.59 | 0.914 | 0.800 | 360.36 | 3.026 | 0.907 |
Table 1 Parameters of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R isotherms for adsorption of BPs on CoNi@NGC at 298 K
Target | Langmuir | Freundlich | D-R | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | Qm | R2 | K | 1/n | R2 | Qm | E | R2 | |||
BPF | 0.31 | 243.9 | 0.867 | 49.57 | 0.788 | 0.886 | 142.49 | 2.102 | 0.929 | ||
BPZ | 0.25 | 666.7 | 0.703 | 128.97 | 0.902 | 0.980 | 255.78 | 2.704 | 0.976 | ||
BPA | 1.21 | 344.8 | 0.817 | 182.05 | 0.733 | 0.922 | 222.05 | 3.522 | 0.970 | ||
BPB | 0.03 | 2000 | 0.405 | 55.53 | 0.982 | 0.998 | 144.25 | 2.072 | 0.898 | ||
BPAP | 0.11 | 769.2 | 0.701 | 71.86 | 0.936 | 0.959 | 158.02 | 2.250 | 0.945 | ||
BPM | 0.12 | 588.2 | 0.596 | 316.59 | 0.914 | 0.800 | 360.36 | 3.026 | 0.907 |
Target | Temperature/ K | ΔH/ (kJ/mol) | ΔG/ (kJ/mol) | ΔS/ (kJ/(mol·K)) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BPF | 298 | -11.9624 | -0.1011 | |
308 | -42.0929 | -10.4467 | -0.1027 | |
318 | -9.9517 | -0.1011 | ||
BPZ | 298 | -12.7168 | -0.1035 | |
308 | -43.522 | -19.9705 | -0.1058 | |
318 | -10.6635 | -0.1034 | ||
BPA | 298 | -10.1827 | -0.1084 | |
308 | -45.5466 | -9.3201 | -0.1101 | |
318 | -9.1588 | -0.1084 | ||
BPB | 298 | -13.2377 | -0.0517 | |
308 | -25.6021 | -11.6394 | -0.0528 | |
318 | -11.0809 | -0.0511 | ||
BPAP | 298 | -10.1828 | -0.1252 | |
308 | -48.414 | -9.3201 | -0.123 | |
318 | -9.1589 | -0.1252 | ||
BPM | 298 | -11.1121 | -0.0136 | |
308 | -14.7964 | -10.5147 | -0.013 | |
318 | -8.5938 | -0.0136 |
Table 2 Thermodynamic parameters of BP adsorption using the CoNi@NGC nanocomposites
Target | Temperature/ K | ΔH/ (kJ/mol) | ΔG/ (kJ/mol) | ΔS/ (kJ/(mol·K)) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BPF | 298 | -11.9624 | -0.1011 | |
308 | -42.0929 | -10.4467 | -0.1027 | |
318 | -9.9517 | -0.1011 | ||
BPZ | 298 | -12.7168 | -0.1035 | |
308 | -43.522 | -19.9705 | -0.1058 | |
318 | -10.6635 | -0.1034 | ||
BPA | 298 | -10.1827 | -0.1084 | |
308 | -45.5466 | -9.3201 | -0.1101 | |
318 | -9.1588 | -0.1084 | ||
BPB | 298 | -13.2377 | -0.0517 | |
308 | -25.6021 | -11.6394 | -0.0528 | |
318 | -11.0809 | -0.0511 | ||
BPAP | 298 | -10.1828 | -0.1252 | |
308 | -48.414 | -9.3201 | -0.123 | |
318 | -9.1589 | -0.1252 | ||
BPM | 298 | -11.1121 | -0.0136 | |
308 | -14.7964 | -10.5147 | -0.013 | |
318 | -8.5938 | -0.0136 |
Target | Experiment Qe,exp/(mg/g) | Pseudo-first-order kinetic | Pseudo-second-order kinetic | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k/min-1 | Q/(mg/g) | R2 | k/((mg/g)-1·min-1) | Q/(mg/g) | R2 | h/(mg/(g·min)) | |||
BPF | 65.54 | 0.025 | 91.95 | 0.932 | 0.005 | 90.91 | 0.999 | 0.21 | |
BPZ | 59.29 | 0.026 | 101.06 | 0.952 | 0.033 | 100 | 0.995 | 10.89 | |
BPA | 41.09 | 0.004 | 103.48 | 0.987 | 0.07 | 101.01 | 0.999 | 49.99 | |
BPB | 23.31 | 0.02 | 79.92 | 0.665 | 0.013 | 76.92 | 0.999 | 0.99 | |
BPAP | 44.03 | 0.018 | 91.14 | 0.714 | 0.01 | 86.96 | 0.999 | 0.76 | |
BPM | 2.51 | 0.04 | 101.05 | 0.853 | 0.089 | 101.01 | 0.999 | 80.82 |
Table 3 Kinetic parameters of BP adsorption using the CoNi@NGC nanocomposites at 298 K
Target | Experiment Qe,exp/(mg/g) | Pseudo-first-order kinetic | Pseudo-second-order kinetic | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k/min-1 | Q/(mg/g) | R2 | k/((mg/g)-1·min-1) | Q/(mg/g) | R2 | h/(mg/(g·min)) | |||
BPF | 65.54 | 0.025 | 91.95 | 0.932 | 0.005 | 90.91 | 0.999 | 0.21 | |
BPZ | 59.29 | 0.026 | 101.06 | 0.952 | 0.033 | 100 | 0.995 | 10.89 | |
BPA | 41.09 | 0.004 | 103.48 | 0.987 | 0.07 | 101.01 | 0.999 | 49.99 | |
BPB | 23.31 | 0.02 | 79.92 | 0.665 | 0.013 | 76.92 | 0.999 | 0.99 | |
BPAP | 44.03 | 0.018 | 91.14 | 0.714 | 0.01 | 86.96 | 0.999 | 0.76 | |
BPM | 2.51 | 0.04 | 101.05 | 0.853 | 0.089 | 101.01 | 0.999 | 80.82 |
Target | External diffusion | Internal diffusion | Adsorption equilibrium | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kd | I | R2 | Kd | I | R2 | Kd | I | R2 | ||||||||||||||
BPF | 14.392 | 33.542 | 0.938 | 1.835 | 71.638 | 0.999 | 1.264 | 76.393 | 0.937 | |||||||||||||
BPZ | 17.499 | 30.241 | 0.869 | 2.35 | 77.172 | 0.904 | 1.273 | 84.65 | 0.978 | |||||||||||||
BPA | 2.889 | 90.767 | 0.856 | 0.425 | 98.88 | 0.937 | 0.394 | 99.621 | 0.777 | |||||||||||||
BPB | 10.876 | 31.117 | 0.956 | 0.333 | 74.943 | 0.947 | 0.172 | 75.479 | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
BPAP | 4.535 | 63.639 | 0.897 | 5.533 | 68.042 | 0.999 | 0.343 | 82.917 | 0.918 | |||||||||||||
BPM | 0.065 | 99.871 | 0.999 | 0.056 | 100.24 | 0.997 | 0.004 | 100.28 | 0.999 |
Table 4 Fitting parameters of the Weber-Morris model
Target | External diffusion | Internal diffusion | Adsorption equilibrium | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kd | I | R2 | Kd | I | R2 | Kd | I | R2 | ||||||||||||||
BPF | 14.392 | 33.542 | 0.938 | 1.835 | 71.638 | 0.999 | 1.264 | 76.393 | 0.937 | |||||||||||||
BPZ | 17.499 | 30.241 | 0.869 | 2.35 | 77.172 | 0.904 | 1.273 | 84.65 | 0.978 | |||||||||||||
BPA | 2.889 | 90.767 | 0.856 | 0.425 | 98.88 | 0.937 | 0.394 | 99.621 | 0.777 | |||||||||||||
BPB | 10.876 | 31.117 | 0.956 | 0.333 | 74.943 | 0.947 | 0.172 | 75.479 | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
BPAP | 4.535 | 63.639 | 0.897 | 5.533 | 68.042 | 0.999 | 0.343 | 82.917 | 0.918 | |||||||||||||
BPM | 0.065 | 99.871 | 0.999 | 0.056 | 100.24 | 0.997 | 0.004 | 100.28 | 0.999 |
Fig. 11 Effects of (a) with or without effervescent tablets, (b) type and (c) volume of elution solvent, and (d) elution time on the recoveries of the BPs (n=3)
Analyte | Linear range/ (μg/L) | Regression equation/(μg/L) | R2 | LOD/ (μg/L) | LOQ/ (μg/L) | Intra-day RSDs/%(n=6) | Inter-day RSDs/%(n=6) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |||||||
BPF | 0.66-500 | y=3.34×103x-2.64×102 | 0.9993 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 3.41 | 1.37 | 1.52 | 4.78 | 4.43 | 3.91 | |
BPZ | 0.60-500 | y=3.04×103x+4.95×104 | 0.9977 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 1.76 | 4.33 | 3.97 | 3.46 | 2.94 | 2.27 | |
BPA | 0.66-500 | y=3.32×103x+2.91×104 | 0.9966 | 0.20 | 0.66 | 2.57 | 4.76 | 2.79 | 3.53 | 2.79 | 1.98 | |
BPB | 0.63-500 | y=2.84×103x+5.93×104 | 0.9966 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 3.81 | 2.08 | 3.16 | 5.36 | 4.99 | 3.16 | |
BPAP | 1.00-500 | y=1.69×103x+7.05×104 | 0.9936 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 2.56 | 1.44 | 4.02 | 2.68 | 2.07 | 2.53 | |
BPM | 0.33-500 | y=7.59×103x+5.57×105 | 0.9950 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 2.04 | 3.39 | 1.99 | 1.69 | 3.85 | 2.91 |
Table 5 Analytical performances of the CoNi@NGC in detecting the BPs using MSPE-HPLC-FLD method
Analyte | Linear range/ (μg/L) | Regression equation/(μg/L) | R2 | LOD/ (μg/L) | LOQ/ (μg/L) | Intra-day RSDs/%(n=6) | Inter-day RSDs/%(n=6) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |||||||
BPF | 0.66-500 | y=3.34×103x-2.64×102 | 0.9993 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 3.41 | 1.37 | 1.52 | 4.78 | 4.43 | 3.91 | |
BPZ | 0.60-500 | y=3.04×103x+4.95×104 | 0.9977 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 1.76 | 4.33 | 3.97 | 3.46 | 2.94 | 2.27 | |
BPA | 0.66-500 | y=3.32×103x+2.91×104 | 0.9966 | 0.20 | 0.66 | 2.57 | 4.76 | 2.79 | 3.53 | 2.79 | 1.98 | |
BPB | 0.63-500 | y=2.84×103x+5.93×104 | 0.9966 | 0.18 | 0.60 | 3.81 | 2.08 | 3.16 | 5.36 | 4.99 | 3.16 | |
BPAP | 1.00-500 | y=1.69×103x+7.05×104 | 0.9936 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 2.56 | 1.44 | 4.02 | 2.68 | 2.07 | 2.53 | |
BPM | 0.33-500 | y=7.59×103x+5.57×105 | 0.9950 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 2.04 | 3.39 | 1.99 | 1.69 | 3.85 | 2.91 |
Fig. 12 Chromatograms of real and spiked samples The detailed experimental conditions are summarized as follows: 150 mg of TTA and 106 mg of Na2CO3 as precursors of an effervescent tablet, 5 mg of CoNi@NGC as extractant, pH=7, 2.0 mL of acetone as eluent solution and 6 min elution time.
Sample | Added/ (μg/L) | Recoveries/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BPF | BPZ | BPA | BPB | BPAP | BPM | ||
Peach juice* | 5 | 94.6±2.1 | 93.4±3.8 | 86.2±4.3 | 92.3±2.7 | 90.0±1.9 | 83.7±3.2 |
20 | 87.2±4.3 | 94.7±2.2 | 88.7±3.5 | 98.±3.1 | 90.2±4.2 | 88.5±3.5 | |
200 | 92.3±3.7 | 96.5±2.9 | 95.2±2.7 | 86.3±2.0 | 85.9±4.0 | 86.4±2.7 | |
Pomelo tea | 5 | 84.8±2.5 | 89.1±3.3 | 92.4±4.4 | 92.0±3.6 | 87.7±3.2 | 87.9±1.9 |
20 | 103.1±4.7 | 87.5±4.6 | 93.3±2.9 | 87.8±2.5 | 88.9±1.7 | 86.1±2.4 | |
200 | 93.5±2.6 | 105.3±3.1 | 90.6±1.5 | 85.3±2.2 | 94.3±3.4 | 90.4±4.5 | |
Plum juice | 5 | 98.1±3.4 | 97.3±2.4 | 87.1±2.8 | 86.5±3.9 | 96.9±1.8 | 91.3±4.8 |
20 | 90.6±4.2 | 94.7±3.8 | 85.9±3.1 | 91.8±3.7 | 82.4±2.6 | 84.4±2.8 | |
200 | 91.7±2.4 | 84.2±2.9 | 99.2±4.2 | 101.2±2.0 | 92.3±4.6 | 96.0±3.7 | |
Orange juice | 5 | 85.8±1.7 | 82.7±1.5 | 87.4±2.9 | 94.5±2.1 | 92.6±3.9 | 90.4±3.4 |
20 | 92.4±3.9 | 99.3±4.8 | 85.1±1.0 | 87.3±4.5 | 88.9±4.1 | 99.6±2.6 | |
200 | 101.3±1.9 | 96.4±4.1 | 92.1±4.2 | 85.7±2.9 | 83.2±1.5 | 103.7±2.1 | |
Pear juice | 5 | 91.2±2.2 | 88.1±2.7 | 100.5±3.7 | 94.1±4.0 | 96.7±3.6 | 85.0±4.0 |
20 | 83.9±4.3 | 87.5±4.2 | 93.5±2.6 | 90.9±3.9 | 88.0±2.5 | 93.7±2.8 | |
200 | 99.2±1.4 | 93.3±3.6 | 94.8±1.7 | 98.2±2.1 | 87.3±1.4 | 96.1±1.6 | |
Lactobacilus | 5 | 85.3±2.0 | 89.0±1.2 | 94.6±2.9 | 96.5±4.4 | 94.8±3.9 | 88.2±2.5 |
20 | 88.4±1.2 | 90.8±2.5 | 93.9±3.1 | 98.1±2.8 | 93.1±3.6 | 85.2±3.6 | |
200 | 93.2±3.1 | 93.1±3.3 | 102.4±3.0 | 97.3±3.4 | 95.1±2.2 | 94.1±3.0 |
Table 6 Spiked recoveries of the six BPs in real juice samples (n=3)
Sample | Added/ (μg/L) | Recoveries/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BPF | BPZ | BPA | BPB | BPAP | BPM | ||
Peach juice* | 5 | 94.6±2.1 | 93.4±3.8 | 86.2±4.3 | 92.3±2.7 | 90.0±1.9 | 83.7±3.2 |
20 | 87.2±4.3 | 94.7±2.2 | 88.7±3.5 | 98.±3.1 | 90.2±4.2 | 88.5±3.5 | |
200 | 92.3±3.7 | 96.5±2.9 | 95.2±2.7 | 86.3±2.0 | 85.9±4.0 | 86.4±2.7 | |
Pomelo tea | 5 | 84.8±2.5 | 89.1±3.3 | 92.4±4.4 | 92.0±3.6 | 87.7±3.2 | 87.9±1.9 |
20 | 103.1±4.7 | 87.5±4.6 | 93.3±2.9 | 87.8±2.5 | 88.9±1.7 | 86.1±2.4 | |
200 | 93.5±2.6 | 105.3±3.1 | 90.6±1.5 | 85.3±2.2 | 94.3±3.4 | 90.4±4.5 | |
Plum juice | 5 | 98.1±3.4 | 97.3±2.4 | 87.1±2.8 | 86.5±3.9 | 96.9±1.8 | 91.3±4.8 |
20 | 90.6±4.2 | 94.7±3.8 | 85.9±3.1 | 91.8±3.7 | 82.4±2.6 | 84.4±2.8 | |
200 | 91.7±2.4 | 84.2±2.9 | 99.2±4.2 | 101.2±2.0 | 92.3±4.6 | 96.0±3.7 | |
Orange juice | 5 | 85.8±1.7 | 82.7±1.5 | 87.4±2.9 | 94.5±2.1 | 92.6±3.9 | 90.4±3.4 |
20 | 92.4±3.9 | 99.3±4.8 | 85.1±1.0 | 87.3±4.5 | 88.9±4.1 | 99.6±2.6 | |
200 | 101.3±1.9 | 96.4±4.1 | 92.1±4.2 | 85.7±2.9 | 83.2±1.5 | 103.7±2.1 | |
Pear juice | 5 | 91.2±2.2 | 88.1±2.7 | 100.5±3.7 | 94.1±4.0 | 96.7±3.6 | 85.0±4.0 |
20 | 83.9±4.3 | 87.5±4.2 | 93.5±2.6 | 90.9±3.9 | 88.0±2.5 | 93.7±2.8 | |
200 | 99.2±1.4 | 93.3±3.6 | 94.8±1.7 | 98.2±2.1 | 87.3±1.4 | 96.1±1.6 | |
Lactobacilus | 5 | 85.3±2.0 | 89.0±1.2 | 94.6±2.9 | 96.5±4.4 | 94.8±3.9 | 88.2±2.5 |
20 | 88.4±1.2 | 90.8±2.5 | 93.9±3.1 | 98.1±2.8 | 93.1±3.6 | 85.2±3.6 | |
200 | 93.2±3.1 | 93.1±3.3 | 102.4±3.0 | 97.3±3.4 | 95.1±2.2 | 94.1±3.0 |
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