Chinese Journal of Chromatography ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 486-495.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.10029

• Teaching Research • Previous Articles    

Binary encryption comprehensive experiment based on agarose gel electrophoresis

DUAN Jinwei1,2,*(), MA Lei1, ZHAO Qian2, WU Qianqian2, XIN Boyu3, YANG Jiahua3, LI Yao4, WANG Qizhao5,*()   

  1. 1. College of Sciences,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China
    2. Shaanxi Weishinuo Biotechnology Co. Ltd. ,Xi’an 710304,China
    3. School of Materials Science and Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China
    4. School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China
    5. School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China
  • Received:2025-10-31 Online:2026-04-08 Published:2026-04-13
  • Supported by:
    Chang’an University 2025 Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project(BZ202541);China Transportation Education and Research Association 2024-2026 Educational Science Research Project(JT2024YB439);2024 Chang’an University Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project(300103140066);2024 Chang’an University Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project(300103111201);2024 Ministry of Education Industry-Academy Cooperation Collaborative Education Program(230718473307303)

Abstract:

This experiment is based on a 4-bit deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanoswitch, in which specific DNA single strands trigger a “linear-to-circular” conformational transition. By leveraging the migration differences between the two conformations in gel electrophoresis, digital binary encoding is achieved. Different combinations of conformational switches can represent distinct information. Inspired by the “protection-deprotection” strategy in organic chemistry, an ribonucleic acid (RNA) protection strand is introduced to prevent the formation of the circular structure, thereby establishing an information encryption system. The system utilizes ribonuclease A (RNase A) for specific enzymatic cleavage to remove the protection, restoring information readout and establishing an RNA-regulated encryption system. By integrating DNA nanotechnology, binary encoding, and chemical protection strategies, agarose gel electrophoresis is applied throughout the entire experimental process, enabling full visualization from molecular construction to information read-write. This approach not only helps students master gel electrophoresis techniques and deepen their understanding of electrophoretic separation mechanisms and structure-activity relationships at the molecular level, but also exposes them to cutting‑edge fields such as molecular information encoding and DNA nanotechnology, effectively stimulating innovative thinking and interdisciplinary problem-solving skills.

Key words: deoxyribonucleic acid nanoswitch (DNA nanoswitch), agarose gel electrophoresis, ribonucleic acid-regulated protection, ribonuclease A, information encryption and decryption

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