Chinese Journal of Chromatography ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1212-1222.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.01017
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CHEN Chun, GONG Yanan, WANG Bangjin, XIE Shengming, ZHANG Junhui*(
), YUAN Liming*(
)
Received:2026-01-22
Online:2026-10-08
Published:2026-10-13
Supported by:CLC Number:
CHEN Chun, GONG Yanan, WANG Bangjin, XIE Shengming, ZHANG Junhui, YUAN Liming. Preparation and chiral separation performance evaluation of a high performance liquid chromatography stationary phase based on a [2+4]-type chiral porous organic cage Pim[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2026, 44(10): 1212-1222.
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URL: https://www.chrom-china.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.01017
Fig. 1 Synthesis of [2+4]-type chiral porous organic cage (POC) PimHMTA: hexamethylenetetramine; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; EtOH: ethanol; MeCN: acetonitrile.
| Sample | Contents/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| C | H | N | |
| SiO2-SH | 4.791 | 0.305 | <0.05% |
| CSP | 18.458 | 1.941 | 1.920 |
Table 1 Elemental analysis data of SiO2-SH and CSP
| Sample | Contents/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| C | H | N | |
| SiO2-SH | 4.791 | 0.305 | <0.05% |
| CSP | 18.458 | 1.941 | 1.920 |
| Racemate | Pim | Chiralpak AD-H | Chiralcel OD-H | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | |||
| 4-Fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine | 0.75 | 1.53 | 2.64 | 1.62 | 1.00 | - | 0.93 | 1.13 | 0.73 | ||
| Styrene oxide | 0.63 | 1.52 | 2.48 | 0.41 | 1.10 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 1.00 | - | ||
| Ethyl mandelate | 1.26 | 1.34 | 1.95 | 1.92 | 1.08 | 1.63 | 1.45 | 2.04 | 7.68 | ||
| 1-Phenyl-1-pentanol | 0.17 | 1.57 | 1.12 | 0.78 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 2-Methoxy-2-phenylethanol | 0.43 | 1.30 | 1.14 | 0.91 | 1.23 | 2.70 | 0.81 | 1.13 | 0.69 | ||
| Benzoin | 1.38 | 3.45 | 10.35 | 4.54 | 1.34 | 6.35 | 2.52 | 1.58 | 6.53 | ||
| 4-Methylbenzhydrol | 1.27 | 1.46 | 2.44 | 1.66 | 1.11 | 1.48 | 1.74 | 1.14 | 1.27 | ||
| 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethanol | 1.08 | 1.17 | 0.96 | 0.83 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| Benzoin ethyl ether | 0.53 | 1.20 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 1.17 | 2.31 | 0.39 | 1.17 | 1.52 | ||
| Troger’s base | 2.90 | 1.07 | 0.53 | 0.66 | 1.83 | 6.99 | 1.07 | 1.26 | 1.71 | ||
Table 2 Separation data of racemates on the Pim, Chiralpak AD-H, and Chiralcel OD-H columns under NP-HPLC
| Racemate | Pim | Chiralpak AD-H | Chiralcel OD-H | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | |||
| 4-Fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine | 0.75 | 1.53 | 2.64 | 1.62 | 1.00 | - | 0.93 | 1.13 | 0.73 | ||
| Styrene oxide | 0.63 | 1.52 | 2.48 | 0.41 | 1.10 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 1.00 | - | ||
| Ethyl mandelate | 1.26 | 1.34 | 1.95 | 1.92 | 1.08 | 1.63 | 1.45 | 2.04 | 7.68 | ||
| 1-Phenyl-1-pentanol | 0.17 | 1.57 | 1.12 | 0.78 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 2-Methoxy-2-phenylethanol | 0.43 | 1.30 | 1.14 | 0.91 | 1.23 | 2.70 | 0.81 | 1.13 | 0.69 | ||
| Benzoin | 1.38 | 3.45 | 10.35 | 4.54 | 1.34 | 6.35 | 2.52 | 1.58 | 6.53 | ||
| 4-Methylbenzhydrol | 1.27 | 1.46 | 2.44 | 1.66 | 1.11 | 1.48 | 1.74 | 1.14 | 1.27 | ||
| 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethanol | 1.08 | 1.17 | 0.96 | 0.83 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| Benzoin ethyl ether | 0.53 | 1.20 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 1.17 | 2.31 | 0.39 | 1.17 | 1.52 | ||
| Troger’s base | 2.90 | 1.07 | 0.53 | 0.66 | 1.83 | 6.99 | 1.07 | 1.26 | 1.71 | ||
| Racemate | Pim | Chiralpak AD-H | Chiralcel OD-H | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | |||
| 4,4′-Dimethylbenzoin | 0.99 | 1.66 | 2.87 | 5.06 | 1.10 | 2.74 | 1.69 | 1.36 | 2.39 | ||
| 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethanol | 0.57 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 0.83 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 1-Phenyl-1-pentanol | 0.82 | 1.57 | 2.90 | 0.78 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 1-Phenylethanol | 0.60 | 1.40 | 1.79 | 0.84 | 1.00 | - | 0.90 | 1.22 | 1.29 | ||
| Zopiclone | 0.90 | 2.73 | 9.46 | 1.71 | 1.00 | - | 2.09 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 4-Chlorobenzhydrol | 0.59 | 1.38 | 1.77 | 1.65 | 1.14 | 2.01 | 2.05 | 1.00 | - | ||
| Styrene oxide | 1.19 | 1.40 | 2.60 | 0.41 | 1.10 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 2-Methoxy-2-phenylethanol | 1.71 | 1.26 | 2.41 | 0.91 | 1.23 | 2.70 | 0.81 | 1.13 | 0.69 | ||
| Benzoin | 0.83 | 1.49 | 1.91 | 4.54 | 1.34 | 6.35 | 2.52 | 1.58 | 6.53 | ||
Table 3 Separation data of racemates on the Pim, Chiralpak AD-H, and Chiralcel OD-H columns under RP-HPLC
| Racemate | Pim | Chiralpak AD-H | Chiralcel OD-H | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | k1 | α | Rs | |||
| 4,4′-Dimethylbenzoin | 0.99 | 1.66 | 2.87 | 5.06 | 1.10 | 2.74 | 1.69 | 1.36 | 2.39 | ||
| 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethanol | 0.57 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 0.83 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 1-Phenyl-1-pentanol | 0.82 | 1.57 | 2.90 | 0.78 | 1.00 | - | 0.74 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 1-Phenylethanol | 0.60 | 1.40 | 1.79 | 0.84 | 1.00 | - | 0.90 | 1.22 | 1.29 | ||
| Zopiclone | 0.90 | 2.73 | 9.46 | 1.71 | 1.00 | - | 2.09 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 4-Chlorobenzhydrol | 0.59 | 1.38 | 1.77 | 1.65 | 1.14 | 2.01 | 2.05 | 1.00 | - | ||
| Styrene oxide | 1.19 | 1.40 | 2.60 | 0.41 | 1.10 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 1.00 | - | ||
| 2-Methoxy-2-phenylethanol | 1.71 | 1.26 | 2.41 | 0.91 | 1.23 | 2.70 | 0.81 | 1.13 | 0.69 | ||
| Benzoin | 0.83 | 1.49 | 1.91 | 4.54 | 1.34 | 6.35 | 2.52 | 1.58 | 6.53 | ||
Fig. 7 Effect of column temperature on the chiral separation performance of Pim columna. enantioseparation of 4-fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine under NP-HPLC at different column temperatures. Other chromatographic conditions are the same as those in Table 2. b. van’t Hoff plots of 4-fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine; c. enantioseparation of benzoin under RP-HPLC at different column temperatures. Other chromatographic conditions are the same as those in Table 3; d. van’t Hoff plots of benzoin.
| Analyte | ΔH/(kJ/mol) | ΔS/(J/(mol·K)) | ΔG/(kJ/mol) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-4-Fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine | -14.77±0.33 | -45.94±1.10 | -1.08±0.33 | 0.9980 |
| L-4-Fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine | -14.96±0.33 | -42.89±1.10 | -2.17±0.33 | 0.9980 |
| R-Benzoin | -8.58±0.22 | -24.24±0.71 | -1.35±0.22 | 0.9975 |
| S-Benzoin | -10.38±0.19 | -27.07±0.63 | -2.31±0.19 | 0.9987 |
Table 4 Thermodynamic values for the resolution of 4-fluoro- α -methylbenzylamine under NP-HPLC and benzoin under RP-HPLC
| Analyte | ΔH/(kJ/mol) | ΔS/(J/(mol·K)) | ΔG/(kJ/mol) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-4-Fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine | -14.77±0.33 | -45.94±1.10 | -1.08±0.33 | 0.9980 |
| L-4-Fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine | -14.96±0.33 | -42.89±1.10 | -2.17±0.33 | 0.9980 |
| R-Benzoin | -8.58±0.22 | -24.24±0.71 | -1.35±0.22 | 0.9975 |
| S-Benzoin | -10.38±0.19 | -27.07±0.63 | -2.31±0.19 | 0.9987 |
Fig. 8 Effect of injection mass on the chiral separation performance of Pim columna, b. enantioseparation of 4-fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine under NP-HPLC with different injection masses. Other chromatographic conditions are the same as those in Table 2. c, d. enantioseparation of benzoin under RP-HPLC with different injection masses. Other chromatographic conditions are the same as those in Table 3.
Fig. 9 Repeatability and stability of Pim columnFor enantioseparation of 4-fluoro-α-methylbenzylamine under NP-HPLC, chromatographic conditions are the same as those in Table 2. For enantioseparation of benzoin under RP-HPLC, chromatographic conditions are the same as those in Table 3.
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