Abstract: Food and environmental samples typically exhibit complex matrix compositions, low concentrations of target analytes, and numerous coexisting interfering substances, placing higher demands on sample pretreatment methods in terms of selectivity, pretreatment efficiency, and ease of operation. Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has gained increasing attention in complex sample analysis due to its simple operation, rapid magnetic separation, and low organic solvent consumption. In recent years, porous framework materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have received widespread attention and application due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, and good structural designability. At the same time, integrated with magnetic separation, they have improved the enrichment efficiency and selectivity of MSPE for trace targets. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in magnetic porous framework composite materials in relevant sample pretreatment, focusing on common preparation strategies such as direct magnetization, coating, one-pot construction, in-situ growth, and layer-by-layer growth. The differences between these methods in terms of structural controllability, core-shell interfacial interactions, and interfacial stability are compared and analyzed. This paper summarizes the applications of various magnetic porous framework materials in the extraction of a variety of typical contaminants from complex matrices, elucidating the role of functional group modification, metal doping, and the construction of core-shell hybrid structures in enhancing the adsorption capacity, selectivity, and resistance to matrix interference of these materials. Finally, the paper discusses the integrated application of these materials with automated rapid detection technologies and prospects their future development trends in achieving high-throughput, on-site sample pretreatment.

Key words: magnetic solid-phase extraction, magnetic porous framework materials, sample pretreatment, food analysis, environmental analysis